E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Deuteronomy 21:10
hands. Hebrew text reads "hand"; but some codices, with The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel Septuagint, and Syriac, read "hands", as Authorized Version. read more
hands. Hebrew text reads "hand"; but some codices, with The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel Septuagint, and Syriac, read "hands", as Authorized Version. read more
raiment of her captivity = mantle in which she was taken captive. "Of" = Genitive of relation (see App-17 ). a full month. Hebrew = a moon of days. husband. Hebrew Baal, or lord. Compare first occurrence of verb, Genesis 20:3 . read more
RIGHTS OF CAPTIVE TAKEN AS WIFE"When thou goest forth to battle against thine enemies, and Jehovah thy God delivereth them into thy hands, and thou carriest them away captive, and seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and thou hast a desire unto her, and wouldest take her unto thee to wife; then thou shalt bring her home to thy house; and she shall shave her head, and pare her nails; and she shall put the raiment of her captivity from off her, and shall remain in thy house, and bewail her... read more
Ver. 11. And seest among the captives a beautiful woman— The Jewish rabbis have many of them supposed, licentiously enough, that criminal familiarities were first allowed with these women. But Schickard and Grotius have, with great learning, endeavoured, to disprove this opinion; the latter of whom cites these words of Rabbi Bechai: "God would have the camp of the Israelites holy; and not suffer fornication, or other abominations, to be committed in it, as in the camp of the Gentiles." And at... read more
Ver. 12. She shall shave her head, and pare her nails— Shaving the head was one of the external signs of mourning. See Leviticus 19:27; Leviticus 21:15. St. Jerome, and others, however, understand this shaving as a species of purification, and an abjuration of paganism. Paring the nails seems to have been also done in mourning. In the original it is, shall make her nails, which some understand of letting them grow; and this seems to us more suitable to a state of mourning; but the fashion of... read more
Ver. 13. And she shall put the raiment of her captivity from off her— The French renders this more clearly: and she shall put off the raiment which she wore when she was taken captive; evidently to put on more vile apparel, and such as was better suited to the state and habit of mourning. In this dress she was to bewail her father and mother, either as slain in the war, or as likely to be seen no more by her; and this mourning was to continue a full month, the time usually allowed the Jews to... read more
10-14. When thou goest to war . . . and seest among the captives a beautiful woman . . . that thou wouldest have her to thy wife—According to the war customs of all ancient nations, a female captive became the slave of the victor, who had the sole and unchallengeable control of right to her person. Moses improved this existing usage by special regulations on the subject. He enacted that, in the event that her master was captivated by her beauty and contemplated a marriage with her, a month... read more
Limits on a husband’s authority 21:10-14Israelite men could marry women from distant conquered cities taken as prisoners of war (provided they did not already have a wife). Such a woman had to shave her head and trim her nails. These were rituals of purification customary in the ancient Near East. [Note: Keil and Delitzsch, 3:406.] She received one month to mourn her parents (Deuteronomy 21:13). This may presuppose that they had died in the battle or, more likely, that she was to cut off all... read more
Wives and children 21:10-21Everything in this section has some connection with the sixth commandment remote though it may be in some cases. read more
Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:1-23
Respect for human life (21:1-23)Murder made the land unclean, and the uncleanness could be removed only by the execution of the murderer (see Numbers 35:29-34). Where the murderer could not be found, the elders of the town nearest the place of the murder had to go to an unpolluted stream nearby and carry out the ritual slaughter of a young cow instead of the unknown murderer. The blood of the cow washed away in the stream symbolized the removal of uncleanness caused by the unlawful bloodshed... read more