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Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary - Leviticus 16:5-14

The Jewish writers say that for seven days before the day of expiation the high priest was to retire from his own house, and to dwell in a chamber of the temple, that he might prepare himself for the service of this great day. During those seven days he himself did the work of the inferior priests about the sacrifices, incense, etc., that he might have his hand in for this day: he must have the institution read to him again and again, that he might be fully apprised of the whole method. 1. He... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Leviticus 16:6

And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself ,.... That is, bring it into the court, and present it before the Lord in order to its being slain and sacrificed; for as yet it was not killed, and so could not be offered on the altar, see Leviticus 16:11 ; the place where the bullock was set was between the porch and the altar, his head in the south, and his face to the west, and the priest stood in the east, and his face to the west, and laid both his hands... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Leviticus 16:7

And he shall take the two goats ,.... The sin offering for the people, a proper emblem of Christ, this creature being clean and fit for food, denoting the purity of Christ, and his being suitable and wholesome food, as his flesh is to the faith of his people; and because comely in its going, as Christ was in his going from everlasting, and in his coming, into this world, travelling in the greatness of his strength; and even by reason of its having something in it unsavoury and offensive, and... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Leviticus 16:8

And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats ,.... Which should be slain, and which should be kept alive, and let go: the manner of casting lots, according to the Misnah F1 Misn. Yoma, c. 3. sect. 9. & c. 4. sect. 1. , was this; the high priest went to the east of the court, to the north of the altar, the Sagan (or deputy priest) at his right hand, and Rosh Beth Ab (or the chief of the house of the fathers) on his left hand, and the two goats were there; and there was a vessel (box... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Leviticus 16:9

And Aaron shall bring the goat on which the Lord's lot fell ,.... Alluding to the manner of taking out the lot by the high priest, who, when he took it out, lifted it up with his hand, and then let it down, and put it on the head of the goat; after which he brought it to the altar to be sacrificed: and offer him for a sin offering ; an offering for the sins of the people, as a type of Christ, who made his soul an offering for sin for his people; but this was not done by Aaron until he... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Leviticus 16:10

But the goat on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat ,.... Or for Azazel, of which more hereafter in the latter part of the verse: shall be presented alive before the Lord ; this seems to be a second presentation; both the goats were presented before the Lord before the lots were cast, Leviticus 16:7 ; but this was afterwards, when one of the goats, according to the lot, being presented, was ordered to be killed for a sin offering, and the other according to the lot being presented... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Leviticus 16:7

And he shall take the two goats - It is allowed on all hands that this ceremony, taken in all its parts, pointed out the Lord Jesus dying for our sins and rising again for our justification; being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit. Two goats are brought, one to be slain as a sacrifice for sin, the other to have the transgressions of the people confessed over his head, and then to be sent away into the wilderness. The animal by this act was represented as bearing away or... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Leviticus 16:8

Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats - The Jews inform us that there were two lots made either of wood, stone, or any kind of metal. On one was written לשם Lashshem , for the Name, i. e., יהוה Jehovah , which the Jews will neither write nor pronounce: on the other was written לעזאזל Laazazel , for the Scape-Goat: then they put the two lots into a vessel which was called קלפי kalpey , the goats standing with their faces towards the west. Then the priest came, and the goats... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Leviticus 16:10

To be the scape-goat - עזאזל azazel , from עז az , a goat, and אזל azal , to dismiss; the dismissed or sent away goat, to distinguish it from the goat that was to be offered in sacrifice. Most ancient nations had vicarious sacrifices, to which they transferred by certain rites and ceremonies the guilt of the community at large, in the same manner in which the scapegoat was used by the Jews. The white bull that was sacrificed by the Egyptians to their god Apis was of this kind;... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Leviticus 16:7

Verse 7 7.And he shall take the two goats. A twofold mode of expiation is here presented to us; for one of the two goats was offered in sacrifice according to the provisions of the Law, the other was sent away to be an outcast, or offscouring ( κάθαρμα vel περίψημα (242)) The fulfillment of both figures, however, was manifested in Christ, since He was both the Lamb of God, whose offering blotted out the sins of the world, and, that He might be as an offscouring, ( κάθαρμα ,) His comeliness was... read more

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