Reigned from September 7, 1159 to August 30, 1181. Born c.1100in Siena, Italy as Orlando Bandinelli; died Civita Castellana, Italy. He was a canonist, cardinal-priest, and papal chancellor. Elected pope almost unanimously, he was opposed with violence by the anti-pope, Cardinal Octavian, the imperial candidate, and took refuge in Anagni. He excommunicated Emperor Frederick I, who submitted after seventeen years, and in England upheld the rights for which Saint Thomas Becket suffered martyrdom, finally exacting them from King Henry II. He convoked the third Lateran Council in 1170.
This dictionary contains not only definitions and explanations of every subject in Religion, Scripture, tradition, doctrine, morals, sacraments, rites, customs, devotions and symbolism, but also accounts of the Church in every continent, country, diocese; missions, notable Catholic centers, cities, and places with religious names; religious orders, church societies, sects and false religions. It has brief articles also on historical events and personages, on the Old Testament and New, and on popes, prelates, priests, men and women of distinction, showing what the Church has done for civilization and correcting many errors which have hitherto passed for history.Wikipedia
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