Theologian, born Hagen, Westphalia, Germany, 1834; died Valkenburg; Netherlands, 1918. He was educated at a primary school in Hagen, later at Essen-Ruhr, Rheinland, and at several Jesuit scholasticates. Entering the Society of Jesus, 1853, he was ordained, 1862, and appointed professor of Holy Scripture, of dogmatic theology, and of moral theology at the Jesuit scholasticates, Maria-Laach, Germany, and Ditton Hall, England. Much of his time was devoted to writing, and besides articles in the Catholic Encyclopedia some of his important works include "Theologia moralis," "Compendium theologiae moralis," and "Casus conscientiae."