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Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Revelation 16:16

"And" (Gr. kai) resumes the exposition of the sixth bowl judgment from Revelation 16:14. The demons will assemble the kings of the earth and their armies. They will go to what in Hebrew is called "Har-Magedon" (lit. mountain of Megiddo, Megiddo meaning either "place of troops" or "place of slaughter"). John was writing to Greek-speaking readers who were generally unfamiliar with Palestinian geography (cf. Revelation 9:11).This mountain may refer to the small hill on the south-central edge of... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Revelation 16:17

This final judgment has the greatest impact of all since the air into which the angel pours his bowl is what humans breathe. [Note: Swete, p. 210.] The loud voice is probably once again God’s since it comes from the throne in the heavenly temple (cf. Revelation 16:1). With the outpouring of the final bowl God announced that His series of judgments for this period in history was complete. This statement is proleptic since it anticipates the completion of the seventh bowl judgment, which John had... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Revelation 16:18

Lightning, thunder, and the greatest earthquake this planet has ever experienced will accompany, and to some extent produce, the desolation that follows. The storm theophany again appears at the end of another series of judgments (cf. Revelation 8:5; Revelation 11:19). These are signs of divine judgment, but this earthquake is much larger than any previous one (cf. Revelation 6:12; Revelation 8:5; Revelation 11:13; Revelation 11:19; Haggai 2:6; Hebrews 12:26-27). It heralds the seventh bowl... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Revelation 16:19

A result of this unprecedented earthquake is the splitting of the great city into three parts. The "great city" could refer to Jerusalem (Revelation 11:8). Some believe it refers to Rome. [Note: Mounce, p. 304.] Still others identify it with Babylon on the Euphrates (Revelation 14:8; Revelation 17:18; Revelation 18:10; Revelation 18:21), to which this verse refers explicitly later. [Note: Ladd, p. 218.] Probably Jerusalem is in view. [Note: Moffatt, 5:449; Smith, A Revelation . . ., p. 237;... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Revelation 16:20

The earthquake will produce other effects. It will level mountains and cause islands to disappear. A less literal view is that it will only produce political turmoil. [Note: Caird, p. 209.] As the Flood produced global topographical changes, so will this earthquake. It will prepare the earth for the Edenic conditions that the prophets predicted would characterize the earth during the Millennium. These changes will be a foreview of the final disappearance of the old creation and the creation of... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Revelation 16:21

The accompanying storm will include huge hailstones that will fall on the earth crushing people (cf. Revelation 8:7). Hail was often an instrument of divine judgment in biblical history (cf. Joshua 10:11; Job 38:22-23; Isaiah 28:2; Isaiah 28:17; Ezekiel 13:11-13; Ezekiel 38:22-23). In spite of all these judgments the hearts of earth-dwellers will remain hard, as Pharaoh’s did during the plague of hail in Egypt (cf. Exodus 9:24). They will know that God sent this calamity, but rather than... read more

John Darby

Darby's Synopsis of the New Testament - Revelation 16:17

16:17 heaven, (a-23) Many authorities omit the words 'of the heaven.' done. (b-30) Or 'it is over, past.' Ginomai . perfect tense. read more

John Darby

Darby's Synopsis of the New Testament - Revelation 16:18

16:18 were (c-3) was (c-11) Lit. 'began to be.' Ginomai . aorists. read more

John Darby

Darby's Synopsis of the New Testament - Revelation 16:19

16:19 was (c-5) Lit. 'began to be.' Ginomai : aorists. read more

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