Exodus 1:5-14 BSB

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 1:13

And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour . Or with breach F3 בפרך "in fractione", Cajetan. apud Rivet. , with what might tend to break their strength; they laid heavier burdens upon them, obliged them to harder service, used them more cruelly and with greater fierceness, adding to their hard service ill words, and perhaps blows. read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 1:14

And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage ,.... So that they had no ease of body nor peace of mind; they had no comfort of life, their lives and mercies were embittered to them: in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service of the field ; if Pelusium was one of the cities they built, that had its name from clay, the soil about it being clayish, and where the Israelites might be employed in making brick for the building of that and other cities: Josephus F4 Antiqu. l.... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:6

Joseph died, and all his brethren - That is, Joseph had now been some time dead, as also all his brethren, and all the Egyptians who had known Jacob and his twelve sons; and this is a sort of reason why the important services performed by Joseph were forgotten. read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:7

The children of Israel were fruitful - פרו paru , a general term, signifying that they were like healthy trees, bringing forth an abundance of fruit. And increased - ישרץ yishretsu , they increased like fishes, as the original word implies. See Genesis 1:20 ; (note), and the note there. Abundantly - ירבו yirbu , they multiplied; this is a separate term, and should not have been used as an adverb by our translators. And waxed exceeding mighty - מאד במאד ויעצמו ... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:8

There arose up a new king - Who this was it is difficult to say. It was probably Ramesses Miamun, or his son Amenophis, who succeeded him in the government of Egypt about A. M. 2400, before Christ 1604. Which knew not Joseph - The verb ידע yada , which we translate to know, often signifies to acknowledge or approve. See Judges 2:10 ; Psalm 1:6 ; Psalm 31:7 ; Hosea 2:8 ; Amos 3:2 . The Greek verbs ειδω and γινωσκω are used precisely in the same sense in the New... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:9

He said unto his people - He probably summoned a council of his nobles and elders to consider the subject; and the result was to persecute and destroy them, as is afterwards stated. read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:10

They join also unto our enemies - It has been conjectured that Pharaoh had probably his eye on the oppressions which Egypt had suffered under the shepherd-kings, who for a long series of years had, according to Manetho, governed the land with extreme cruelty. As the Israelites were of the same occupation, (viz., shepherds), the jealous, cruel king found it easy to attribute to them the same motives; taking it for granted that they were only waiting for a favorable opportunity to join the... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:11

Set over them task-masters - מסים שרי sarey missim , chiefs or princes of burdens, works, or tribute; επιστατας των εργων , Sept. overseers of the works. The persons who appointed them their work, and exacted the performance of it. The work itself being oppressive, and the manner in which it was exacted still more so, there is some room to think that they not only worked them unmercifully, but also obliged them to pay an exorbitant tribute at the same time. Treasure cities - ... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:12

But the more they afflicted them - The margin has pretty nearly preserved the import of the original: And as they afflicted them, so they multiplied and so they grew That is, in proportion to their afflictions was their prosperity; and had their sufferings been greater, their increase would have been still more abundant. read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:13

To serve with rigour - בפרך bepharech , with cruelty, great oppression; being ferocious with them. The word fierce is supposed by some to be derived from the Hebrew, as well as the Latin ferox , from which we more immediately bring our English term. This kind of cruelty to slaves, and ferociousness, unfeelingness, and hard-heartedness, were particularly forbidden to the children of Israel. See Leviticus 25:43 , Leviticus 25:46 , where the same word is used: Thou shalt not rule over... read more

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 1:13

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 1:14

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:6

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:7

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:8

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:9

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:10

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:11

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:12

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 1:13

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