Daniel Whedon 23. While angels are a finished Church above, in future communion with them is a Church below. Firstborn The term literally designates an eldest son. But as the eldest enjoyed, by Jewish and patriarchal law, a high supremacy, so the word is figuratively used to designate any superior or supreme person, whether eldest or not. So Israel, and Ephraim, and the Messiah, are each termed God’s firstborn. Exodus 4:22; Jeremiah 31:9; Psalms 89:27. And so our author considers his Hebrews to... read more
Whedon's Commentary on the Bible - Hebrews 12:23
23. While angels are a finished Church above, in future communion with them is a Church below. Firstborn The term literally designates an eldest son. But as the eldest enjoyed, by Jewish and patriarchal law, a high supremacy, so the word is figuratively used to designate any superior or supreme person, whether eldest or not. So Israel, and Ephraim, and the Messiah, are each termed God’s firstborn. Exodus 4:22; Jeremiah 31:9; Psalms 89:27. And so our author considers his Hebrews to... read more