Êxodo 21:31 NVT

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary - Exodus 21:22-36

Observe here, I. The particular care which the law took of women with child, that no hurt should be done them which might occasion their mis-carrying. The law of nature obliges us to be very tender in that case, lest the tree and fruit be destroyed together, Exod. 21:22, 23. Women with child, who are thus taken under the special protection of the law of God, if they live in his fear, may still believe themselves under the special protection of the providence of God, and hope that they shall be... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:31

Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter ,.... A little son or daughter, and both Israelites, as Jarchi and Aben Ezra; this is observed, because only a man or woman are made mention of in Exodus 21:29 persons grown up; and lest it should be thought that only adult persons were intended, this is added, to show that the same regard is had to little ones as to grown persons, should they suffer by an ox in like manner as men and women may. The Targum of Jonathan restrains this to... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 21:31

Verse 31 31.Whether he have gored a son. I know not whether they are correct who refer this to age, as if any young persons of either sex were meant by the words son and daughter; but I do not reject this opinion. Still Moses seems to extend the law, as if, in case a butting ox had killed its owner’s son, the father himself should be subject to the punishment, for not having taken more care of his children. It might, however, be doubted, whether it would be just to condemn to death a father... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 21:2-35

The slave laws. Slave laws belong to all communities, and not to some only, slavery being really a universal and not a partial institution. In the most civilised communities of modern Europe, there are two large classes of slaves—lunatics and criminals. The law openly condemns these last to penal servitude, which may be for life; and this "servitude," as Lord Chief Justice Coleridge has repeatedly pointed out, is simply a form of slavery. Ancient communities differed from modern— 1 .... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 21:18-36

Bodily injuries. The laws in this section may be thus classified:— I. INJURIES BY MAN . 1 . Strivers ( Exodus 21:18 , Exodus 21:19 ). The man who injured another in strife was required to pay for the loss of his time, and to cause him to be thoroughly healed. Had the man died, the case would have come under the law of Exodus 21:12 . As it was, blame attached to both parties, and the law waived the right to further satisfaction. Note— 2 . Servants ( Exodus 21:20... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 21:28-32

Injuries done by cattle to slaves and freemen . For the purpose of inculcating as strongly as possible the principle of the sanctity of human life, the legislator notices the case where mortal injury is done to a person by a domesticated animal. The ox is taken as the example, being the animal most likely to inflict such an injury. In accordance with the declaration already made to Noah ( Genesis 9:6 ), it is laid down that the destructive beast must be killed. Further, to mark the... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 21:31

Whether he have gored a son or a daughter . If the sufferer were a child, the value of the life, and therefore the amount of the fine, would be less. read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Exodus 21:28-32

The animal was slain as a tribute to the sanctity of human life (Compare the marginal references and Genesis 4:11). It was stoned, and its flesh was treated as carrion. Guilty negligence on the part of its owner was reckoned a capital offence, to be commuted for a fine.In the case of a slave, the payment was the standard price of a slave, thirty shekels of silver. See Leviticus 25:44-46; Leviticus 27:3, and the marginal references for the New Testament application of this fact. read more

Donald C. Fleming

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:28-36

Injuries caused by animals (21:28-36)Laws were laid down both to protect and to punish the owners of animals that injured or killed people. In determining how much the owner was at fault and what compensation he should pay, the main consideration was how much he could be held responsible for control of the animal. If the person killed by the animal was a slave, compensation was paid to the master, since he owned the slave. But the slave was acknowledged as a human being, not treated as a mere... read more

James Burton Coffman

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Exodus 21:28-32

THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS INJURED OR KILLED BY ANIMALS"And if an ox gore a man or a woman to death, the ox shall be surely stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit. But if the ox was wont to gore in time past, and it hath been testified to its owner, and he hath not kept it in, but it hath killed a man or a woman: the ox shall be stoned, and its owner also shall be put to death. And if there be laid on him a ransom, then he shall give for the redemption of his... read more

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary - Exodus 21:22-36

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:31

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 21:31

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 21:2-35

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 21:18-36

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 21:28-32

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 21:31

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Exodus 21:28-32

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:28-36

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Exodus 21:28-32

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