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Introduction

Leviticus 23. The Sacred Calendar (pp. 103– 105).— The chapter, though reading as one whole, has been considerably expanded by a later priestly writer. The original sections apparently referred to the three great feasts: (passover and) unleavened bread ( Leviticus 23:9 ff.), “ weeks” ( Leviticus 23:15 ff.), ingathering ( Leviticus 23:39 ff.). That the chapter is not a unity is shown by the new commencement in Leviticus 23:9, the repetition of Leviticus 19:9 in Leviticus 23:22, the reference to Leviticus 16:30 in Leviticus 23:26 ff., and the parallel sections in Leviticus 23:33 ff. and Leviticus 23:39 ff . The festivals now belong to the whole community (not to a family or village, 1 Samuel 16:5); H emphasizes their connexion with agriculture ( Leviticus 23:10; Leviticus 23:42); to P their three characteristics are rest, assemblage at the sanctuary, and the set sacrifice.

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