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Verse 9

"For, behold, I will shake my hand over them, and they shall be a spoil to those that served them; and ye shall know that Jehovah of hosts hath sent me."

The action of God's shaking his hand over a nation was a signal of their punishment and destruction (Job 31:21; Isaiah 11:15; 19:16).

"They shall be a spoil to those that served them ..." This does not mean that the captive Jews would rule over Babylon; but that some power at the moment subjected to that power would rise and overthrow them. Thus Egypt was overthrown by Assyria; Assyria by Babylon; Babylon by Medo-Persia; Persia by Greece; Greece by Rome, etc., etc. Thus Adam Clarke explained the passage, "As the Babylonians to the Medes and Persians; and so of the rest in the subversion of empires."[25] Every great world power carries within itself the basis and the certainty of its own eventual destruction.

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