Exodus 17:4-6

"And Moses cried unto Jehovah, saying, What shall I do unto this people? they are almost ready to stone me. And Jehovah said unto Moses, Pass on before the people, and take with thee of the elders of Israel, and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river, take in thy hand, and go. Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel"

"I will stand before thee there upon the rock ..." "The smitten Rock beautifully illustrates the death of Christ, resulting in the outpoured Spirit because of an accomplished redemption."[5] Apparently, Christ himself had this event in mind when he spoke of the stream of "living water" flowing forth from himself (John 7:37-39). This bringing of the water from the rock was called by Jamieson, "The greatest of the miracles of Moses, because it was done without ostentation and in the presence of a few chosen witnesses."[6] We should also allow the opinion of Jamieson that the rock here was smitten at such a height and in such a position with reference to the lower valleys where the hosts of Iael were deployed that the mighty issue of the waters provided water for Israel throughout the years following this event. This also has the utility of explaining why there were no recurring water shortages for Israel until they came to Kedesh in the far northern part of the Sinaitic peninsula.

"Upon the rock in Horeb ..." "Horeb is a term used interchangeably with Sinai",[7] however, here, "It stands for some peak other than Sinai in the same range."[8]