Psalms 83:6

ENUMERATION OF THE ENEMIES

"The tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites;

Moab and the Hagarenes;

Gebal, and Ammon, and Amalek;

Philistia with the inhabitants of Tyre:

Assyria also is joined with them;

They have helped the children of Lot.

(Selah)"

The peoples mentioned here are: (1) the Edomites; (2) the Ishmaelites; (3) the Moabites; (4) the Hagarenes; (5) Gebal; (6) Ammon; (7) Amalek; (8) Philistines; (9) Tyre; and (10) Assyria.

All of these are well known, except Gebal and the Hagarenes. Gebal was "An ancient Phoenician city situated on a bluff overlooking the Mediterranean sea."[12] "The Hagarenes were probably Arabs, so called from Hagar, the handmaiden of Abraham, and the mother of Ishmael."[13]

A discussion of this extensive confederation against Israel is given in the chapter introduction.