Jeremiah 34:1

The following message came to Jeremiah when Nebuchadnezzar and his large army were besieging Jerusalem (cf. Jeremiah 21:1-10). Zedekiah’s rebellion against Babylon in 589 B.C. had prompted the siege (2 Kings 24:18 to 2 Kings 25:1; Ezekiel 17:11-21). This incident antedates the events recorded in chapters 32-33, however, because Jeremiah was not yet imprisoned. The vassal nations under Nebuchadnezzar’s suzerainty were bound to supply troops to assist him in his wars against his enemies, which they had done (cf. 2 Kings 24:2). [Note: See M. Weinfeld, "The Loyalty Oath in the Ancient Near East," Ugarit-Forschungen 8 (1976):380.]

"This verse underscores that the Nebuchadrezzar who now invades Judah is the same Nebuchadrezzar to whom the LORD, the creator, had granted authority over ’all nations,’ and even the wild animals, for a time (Jeremiah 27:6-7)." [Note: Scalise, p. 180.]