2 Thessalonians 1:6-8

In the future God in His justice would punish the Thessalonians’ persecutors and give rest to his readers as well as to all Christians who suffer affliction for the gospel. This will take place when Jesus Christ returns to the earth in judgment. This is not a reference to the Rapture. The judgments described in the following verses (2 Thessalonians 1:9-10) will not take place then. It is a reference to Christ’s (second) coming at the end of the Tribulation (cf. Psalms 2:1-9; Matthew 25:31). Then Christ will punish those who do not know God (cf. Romans 1:18-32; Jeremiah 10:25; Psalms 79:6; Isaiah 66:15) and those who do not obey the gospel (cf. John 3:36). The former group may be Gentiles and the latter Jews. [Note: Thomas, p. 313; James E. Frame, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians, p. 233; I. Howard Marshall, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, pp. 177-78.] However this is probably a case of synonymous parallelism in which both descriptions refer to both Jews and Gentiles. [Note: Wanamaker, p. 227.] He will put them to death and will not allow them to enter the Millennium (cf. Psalms 2; Ezekiel 20:33-38; Joel 3:1-2; Joel 3:12; Zephaniah 3:8; Zechariah 14:1-19; Matthew 25:31-46). [Note: For further information concerning the judgments on Israel and the Gentiles at the Second Coming, see John F. Walvoord, The Millennial Kingdom, pp. 276-95.] Note the contrasts between the Rapture in 1 Thessalonians 4 and the Second Coming in 2 Thessalonians 1. [Note: Adapted from Warren W. Wiersbe, Be Ready, p. 131.]