Jeremiah 44:19

And when we burnt incense to the queen of heaven, and poured out drink offerings unto her ,.... Which they owned they did, and which they were not ashamed of, and were determined to go on with; and were only sorry that they had at any time omitted such service:

did we make cakes to worship her ; or, "to make her glad" F7 להעצבה "ad exhilarandum illud", Calvin; "ad laetificaudum eam", Munster, Pagninus. , as Kimchi; interpreting the word by an antiphrasis; it having a contrary signification, to grieve or to make sorrowful; and from hence idols have their name sometimes, because in the issue they bring grief and trouble to their worshippers; hence some render it, "to make her an idol" F8 "Idolificando", Piscator; so Ben Melech; "ut faciamus illas idolum", Cocceius. ; or them, the cakes, an idol; these had, as Jarchi says, the likeness of the idol impressed upon them:

and pour out drink offerings unto her, without our men ? they own they did these things but not without the knowledge and consent at least, if not with the presence, of their husbands; hence these words seem to be the words of the women. Some indeed think they speak all along, from Jeremiah 44:16 ; or one in the name of the rest; it may be one of Zedekiah's daughters; but however, if the men spoke what is said in the preceding verses, the women, being provoked, could hold their peace no longer, but broke in, and uttered these words; though some render the last clause, "without our principal men" F9 המבלעדי אנשינו "absque praestantibus viris nostris", Junius & Tremellius. ; and so take them to be the words of the people in general; who urge, in their own defence, that what they did they did with the direction, approbation, and leading example of their kings and governors.