Zephaniah 3:1

Zep 3:1 Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city!

Ver. 1. Woe to her that is filthy and polluted ] Meaning Jerusalem, once a faithful city, now an harlot, Isaiah 1:21 , faedissimum prostibulum, of the kind of those sordid men who are called Borboritae, of their miry filthiness, whom Epiphanius and Oecumenius speak of. The word ( ראי ) here rendered filthy comes from a word that signifieth dung, or that signifieth an example ( παραδειγμα ); and so it is a metaphor taken from light women that are carted in a disgraceful way and made a public example, an infamous instance. It is rendered also gluttonous, or all craw, as Leviticus 1:16 .

“ Ingluvies et tempestas, barathrumque macelli. ”

To the oppressing city! ] Praedatrici, that maketh a prey of others (either by force or fraud), as the silly dove is made a prey to the hawk and other ravenous birds.