Genesis 19:1 - Exposition

And there came two angels —literally, the two angels , i.e. the two men of the preceding chapter who accompanied Jehovah to Mature; οἱ δύο ἄγγελλοι ( LXX .)— to Sodom at even (having left the tent of Abraham shortly after noon); and Lot —last heard of in the narrative as captured by the Asiatic kings, and delivered by his uncle ( Genesis 14:12 , Genesis 14:16 )— sat in the gate of Sodom . שַׁעַר , from the idea of opening, signified the gateway or entrance of a camp ( Exodus 32:26 , Exodus 32:27 ), of a palace, of a land ( Jeremiah 15:7 ), or of a city ( Joshua 2:7 ). Corresponding to the ancient forum of the Romans, or agora of the Greeks, the city gate among the Hebrews was the customary place of resort for the settlement of disputes, the transaction of business, or the enjoyment of ordinary social intercourse (cf. Genesis 34:20 ; Deuteronomy 21:19 ; Deuteronomy 22:15 ; Ruth 4:1 ; Proverbs 31:23 ). It was probably an arch with deep recesses, in which were placed chairs for the judges or city magistrates, and seats or benches for the citizens who had business to transact. So Homer describes the Trojan elders as sitting at the Scaean gate. In what capacity Lot was sitting in the gate is not narrated. That he was on the outlook for travelers on whom to practice the hospitality he had learned from his uncle (Poole, Calvin, Willet, Lange) is perhaps to form too high an ideal of his piety (Kalisch); while the explanation that he had been pro-meted to the dignity of one of the city judges, though not perhaps justified as an inference from verse 9, is not at all unlikely, considering his relationship to Abraham. And Lot seeing them (and recognizing them to be strangers by their dress and looks) rose up to meet them ;—having not yet abandoned the practice of hospitality, or forgotten, through mingling with the Sodomites, the respectful courtesy which was due to strangers, since the writer adds— and he bowed himself with his face toward the ground (cf. Genesis 18:2 ).