Exodus 32:9 - Exposition
A stiffnecked people. This epithet, which becomes epitheton usitatum , is here used for the first time. It does not so much mean "obstinate" as "perverse" like a horse that stiffens the neck when the driver pulls the right or left rein, and will not go the way he is wanted to go. (Compare Exodus 33:3 , Exodus 33:5 ; Exodus 34:9 ; Deuteronomy 9:6 , Deuteronomy 9:13 ; Deuteronomy 31:27 ; etc.)
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