Genesis 14:5

5. Smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth Karnaim The word Rephaim is in the Hebrew plural, and designates an ancient people of gigantic stature, of whom Og, king of Bashan, is spoken of as the last remnant .

Deuteronomy 3:11. Of their origin the Bible is silent . Their chief seat was at Ashteroth Karnaim, or Ashteroth of the two horns, so called, probably, from the worship of the two-horned Astarte, the Syrian Venus and moon-goddess. See note and cuts on Judges 2:13. Some identify this place with the Ashtaroth near Edrei, where Og dwelt, (Deuteronomy 1:4,) which is generally identified with the modern Tel-Ashtereh, some 25 miles east of the Sea of Galilee. Others locate it at the modern Es-Sanamein, about half way between Tell-Ashtereh and Damascus. After this defeat these Rephaim seem to have settled in other parts of Canaan, and the “valley of Rephaim” south-west of Jerusalem probably derived its name from them. We find traces of them in the time of David. 2Sa 21:18 ; 2 Samuel 21:20; 2 Samuel 21:22. The Zuzim were probably the same as the Zamzummim of Deuteronomy 2:20, a people akin to the Rephaim, and described as “great, and many, and tall . ” Ham, where they dwelt, is probably represented in the modern Amman, east of the Jordan, better known as Rabbath-Ammon, the capital city of the Ammonites . The Emim are represented in Deuteronomy 2:10-11, as the ancient occupants of the land of Moab, and also “a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakim . ” Shaveh Kiriathaim, or the “plain of the two cities,” is probably the same as Kirjathaim, allotted to the Reubenites . Numbers 32:37; Joshua 13:19. The name still lingers in the extensive ruins of Kureiyat, east of the Dead Sea, and about three miles southeast of Mt. Attarus.