Verse 23
23. The Alexandrine empire has been broken into four kingdoms (Daniel 8:8; Daniel 8:22) which in this vision are said to have ultimately become changed into a kingdom the fourth kingdom of Daniel (Daniel 7:7-8; Daniel 7:23-25; notes Daniel 2:39-41). At the latter end of this kingdom appears a fierce and shrewd king who is undoubtedly Antiochus Epiphanes. He is said to come when the transgressors are come to the full, perhaps referring to the sins of the people of Israel, which according to Scripture, were always the cause of their troubles (see, for example, Ezekiel 4-7) or else to the fact that all the iniquity of the previous beast empires seemed to come to a head in the days of this worst king.
Understanding dark sentences That is, skilled in double dealing (Bevan). He was a skillful diplomatist, and the intrigues of state would be the “riddles” in which Antiochus would be the most interested (Daniel 8:25; Daniel 11:21; Daniel 11:32; 1Ma 1:30 ).
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