City of Carthaginian origin, it was occupied by the Romans 152 B.C. Cordova, evangelized probably during the Apostolic period by disciples of Saint James the Greater and Saint Paul, was a bishopric c.279,and witnessed the persecution of early martyrs, among them, Faustus and Januarius. The Arabs dominated the city from 711 until 1236, and in the 9th century subjected the Christians to a fierce persecution during which Saint Eulogius died, 859. In the 10th century it was renowned as the New Athens, the center of literary culture, including among its scholars, Gerbert, later Pope Sylvester II, and Averroes, commentator of Aristotle. An era of religious prosperity commenced in 1236 when the city was conquered by Saint Ferdinand III of Castile. The mosque, begun by Caliph Abder Rahman I, 786, and converted into a cathedral in the thirteenth century is one of the finest specimens of Moorish architecture.
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