(1571-1630) Astronomer. Author of the Keplerian planetary theory, established the three great laws of planetary motion designated by his name, viz., the laws of equal areas, elliptical orbits, and of the relation between distances and periods, made notable researches on the orbit of Mars and an explanation of lunar attraction causing tides, and established a theory of vortices; he made an exposition of refraction by lenses and of the inverting telescope and may be considered the founder of the science of dioptrics.
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