A literal translation of the whole Bible made from the Septuagint before A.D. 200. It is uncertain, when, where, or by whom it was made; or how many translations were made. Usually at least three groups of Latin texts, which may represent independent versions, are distinguished: African, European, and Italian (Vetus Itala, old Italian). The title Vetus Itala is also applied to all the Latin texts before the Vulgate.