Eastern heretics, derived from Manichaeism, begun by Constantine Mananalis c.657and existing till about the middle of the 11th century. During the Saracen attacks many of them formed a political party disloyal to the cause of the Roman Empire. Originally they held the following:

They were also Iconoclasts. Their perversions were later embodied in the tenets of the Bogomili, the Cathari, the Albigenses, and exist even today in more or less modified forms amongst some Armenians.