Nehemiah 3:11; Nehemiah 12:38, "the tower of the furnaces," i.e. of the (bakers') ovens. Hosea 7:7. There were also the smelting furnace, the refining furnace, the type of affliction and testing probation (Deuteronomy 4:20; Proverbs 17:3; Proverbs 27:21), the lime-kiln. The brick-kiln furnace had an opening at the top to cast in the materials, and a door at the bottom to extract the metal. The Babylonians used it to inflict their cruel capital punishments (Daniel 3:22-26; Jeremiah 29:22).