Judge

"a judge" (from krino, see B, No. 1), is used (a) of God, Hebrews 12:23 , where the order in the original is "to a Judge who is God of all;" this is really the significance; it suggests that He who is the Judge of His people is at the same time their God; that is the order in Hebrews 10:30; the word is also used of God in James 4:12 , RV; (b) of Christ, Acts 10:42; 2—Timothy 4:8; James 5:9; (c) of a ruler in Israel in the times of the Judges, Acts 13:20; (d) of a Roman procurator, Acts 24:10; (e) of those whose conduct provides a standard of "judging," Matthew 12:27; Luke 11:19; (f) in the forensic sense, of one who tries and decides a case, Matthew 5:25 (twice); Luke 12:14 (some mss. have No. 2 here); Luke 12:58 (twice); 18:2; 18:6 (lit., "the judge of unrighteousness," expressing subjectively his character); Acts 18:15; (g) of one who passes, or arrogates to himself, judgment on anything, James 2:4 (see the RV); 4:11.

denotes "a judge" (from dike, "right, a judicial hearing, justice;" akin to dikazo, "to judge"), Acts 7:27,35; some mss. have it in Luke 12:14 (see No. 1); while dikastes is a forensic term, krites "gives prominence to the mental process" (Thayer). At Athens the dikastes acted as a juryman, the krites being the presiding "judge."

primarily denotes "to separate, select, choose;" hence, "to determine," and so "to judge, pronounce judgment." "The uses of this verb in the NT may be analyzed as follows: (a) to assume the office of a judge, Matthew 7:1; John 3:17; (b) to undergo process of trial, John 3:18; 16:11; 18:31; James 2:12; (c) to give sentence, Acts 15:19; 16:4; 21:25; (d) to condemn, John 12:48; Acts 13:27; Romans 2:27; (e) to execute judgment upon, 2—Thessalonians 2:12; Acts 7:7; (f) to be involved in a lawsuit, whether as plaintiff, Matthew 5:40; 1—Corinthians 6:1; or as defendant, Acts 23:6; (g) to administer affairs, to govern, Matthew 19:28; cp. Judges 3:10; (h) to form an opinion, Luke 7:43; John 7:24; Acts 4:19; Romans 14:5; (i) to make a resolve, Acts 3:13; 20:16; 1—Corinthians 2:2 " * [* From Notes on Thessalonians by Hogg and Vine, p. 267.] See CALL , No. 13, CONCLUDE, CONDEMN, DECREE, DETERMINE, ESTEEM, LAW (go to), ORDAIN, SENTENCE, THINK.

"to examine, investigate, question" (ana, "up," and No. 1), is rendered "judged" in 1—Corinthians 2:14 , RV (AV, "are ... discerned;" RV marg., "examined"), said of the things of the Spirit of God; in 1—Corinthians 2:15 , "judgeth" (RV marg., "examineth"), said of the exercise of a discerning "judgment" of all things as to their true value, by one who is spiritual; in the same verse, "is judged (of no man)," RV marg., "examined," i.e., the merely natural mind cannot estimate the motives of the spiritual; in 1—Corinthians 4:3 , "I should be judged," i.e., as to examining and passing sentence on the fulfillment or nonfulfillment of the Apostle's stewardship; so in the same verse, "I judge (not mine own self)," and in 1—Corinthians 4:4 "(he that) judgeth (me is the Lord);" in 1—Corinthians 14:24 , "he is judged (of all)," i.e., the light of the heart-searching testimony of the assembly probes the conscience of the unregenerate, sifting him judicailly. See ASK , No. 7, DISCERN, A, No. 1.

denotes "to separate throughout" (dia, and No. 1), "discriminate, discern," and hence, "to decide, to judge" (also "to contend, to hesitate, to doubt"); it is rendered "to judge" in 1—Corinthians 6:5 , in the sense of arbitrating; in 1—Corinthians 11:31 (1st part), the RV has "(if we) discerned (ourselves)," AV "(if we would) judge" (krino, No. 1, is used in the 2nd part); so in 1—Corinthians 14:29 , RV, "discern" (AV, "judge"). See DECIDE , A, DISCERN , A. No. 2.