(1):

(n.) The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof.

(2):

(n.) Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character, qualification, etc.; examination; trial; as, to engage a person on probation.

(3):

(n.) The novitiate which a person must pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the severities of the rule.

(4):

(n.) The trial of a ministerial candidate's qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his settlement as a pastor.

(5):

(n.) Moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in which he has the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming qualified for a happier state.