gān : In the Old Testament the translation of three Hebrew substantives, בּצע , beca‛ , "unjust gain," "any gain" (Judges 5:19; Job 22:3; Proverbs 1:19; Proverbs 15:27; Isaiah 33:15; Isaiah 56:11; Ezekiel 22:13 , Ezekiel 22:17; Micah 4:13 ); מחיר , meḥı̄r , "price" for which a thing is sold (Daniel 11:39 , the only place where the Hebrew word is translated "gain" in the King James Version, though it occurs in other places translated "price"); תּבוּאה , tebhū'āh , "produce," "profits," "fruit" (Proverbs 3:14 ). It is the translation of one Hebrew verb, בּצע , bāca‛ , "to gain dishonestly" (Job 27:8 ); of one Aramaic verb, זבן , zebhan , "to buy," "procure for oneself" (Daniel 2:8 , here used of buying time, i.e. "seeking delay" (Gesenius)).
In the New Testament, the translation of three Greek substantives, ἐργασία , ergası́a , "gain gotten by work," "profit" (Acts 16:16 , Acts 16:19; Acts 19:24 (the King James Version)); κέρδος , kérdos , "gain," "advantage" (Phil Acts 12:1; Acts 3:7 , in the former, Paul asserting that to him to die was a personal advantage, because then he would "be with Christ"; in the latter, he counts as "loss" his personal privileges in the flesh, when compared with "the excellency of the knowledge of Christ"); πορισμός , porismós , "gain," "a source of gain" (1 Timothy 6:5 , 1 Timothy 6:6 , where the apostle asserts, not "gain" (earthly) is godliness, but godliness is "gain" (real, abiding)). It is the translation of three Greek vbs., κερδαίνω , kerdaı́nō , "to gain," "acquire," in Matthew 16:26 , where Jesus teaches that the soul, or life in its highest sense ("his own self," Luke 9:25 ), is worth more than the "gaining" of the whole (material) world; Matthew 18:15 , concerning the winning of a sinning brother by private interview; Matthew 25:17 , Matthew 25:22 , the parable of the Talents; Acts 27:21 the King James Version, injury "gained," sustained, by sailing from Crete; 1 Corinthians 9:19 , 1 Corinthians 9:20 bis , 21, 22, all referring to Paul's life-principle of accommodation to others to "gain," win, them to Christ; in James 4:13 used in a commercial sense; ποιέω , poiéō , "to make," "make gain" (Luke 19:18 the King James Version, the parable of the Pounds); προσεργάζομαι , prosergázomai , "to gain by trading" (Luke 19:16 , commercial use, in the same parallel).
The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (ISBE) was edited by James Orr, John Nuelsen, Edgar Mullins, Morris Evans, and Melvin Grove Kyle and was published complete in 1939. This web site includes the complete text.
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