1. The consecration of Israel as the covenant nation 12:1-28"The account of the final proof of Yahweh’s Presence in Egypt has been expanded by a series of instructions related to cultic [ritual worship] requirements designed to commemorate that proof and the freedom it purchased." [Note: Durham, p. 152.] read more
The Institution of the Passover. The Tenth Plague, and the Departure of Israel1. In the land of Egypt] These words suggest that what follows was written independently of the foregoing narrative, and an examination of this chapter shows that it contains two separate accounts of the institution of the Passover, one extending from Exodus 12:1-20, the other from Exodus 12:21-28. The latter is the proper continuation of Exodus 11.2. The beginning of months] The exodus is regarded as an... read more
(14) Ye shall keep it a feast . . . by an ordinance for ever.—The Passover is continued in the Eucharist (1 Corinthians 5:7-8); and the Easter celebration, which the Church makes binding on all her members, exactly corresponds in time to the Paschal ceremony, and takes its place. In this way the Passover may be regarded as still continuing under Christianity, and as intended to continue, “even to the end of the world.” read more
Exodus 12:8 Christianity, considered as a moral system, is made up of two elements, beauty and severity; whenever either is indulged to the loss or disparagement of the other, evil ensues.... Even the Jews, to whom this earth was especially given, and who might be supposed to be at liberty without offence to satiate themselves in its gifts, were not allowed to enjoy it without restraint. Even the Paschal Lamb, their great typical feast, was eaten 'with bitter herbs'. Newman, Sermons on... read more
CHAPTER XII.THE PASSOVER.Exodus 12:1-28.We have now reached the birthday of the great Hebrew nation, and with it the first national institution, the feast of passover, which is also the first sacrifice of directly Divine institution, the earliest precept of the Hebrew legislation, and the only one given in Egypt.The Jews had by this time learned to feel that they were a nation, if it were only through the struggle between their champion and the head of the greatest nation in the world. And the... read more
5. Redemption by Blood, the Passover and the Law of the Firstborn CHAPTER 12 The Passover Instituted and Kept, the Death of the Firstborn and the Exodus 1. The Passover instituted and the feast of unleavened bread (Exodus 12:1-20 ) 2. The command given to the people and obeyed (Exodus 12:21-28 ) 3. The death of the firstborn in Egypt (Exodus 12:29-30 ) 4. The departure of the children of Israel (Exodus 12:31-36 ) 5. From Rameses to Succoth (Exodus 12:37-39 ) 6. The fulfillment of... read more
12:14 And this day shall be unto you for a {h} memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance {i} for ever.(h) Of the benefits received for your deliverance.(i) That is, until Christ’s coming: for then ceremonies will end. read more
THE PASSOVER FEAST (vs.1-28) The time finally arrives for the Lord to accomplish a work of amazing power in Egypt in the deliverance of a nation numbering over two million, from the bondage of Egypt. Speaking to Moses and Aaron, the Lord tells them that this month was to be to Israel the beginning of months, the first month of their year. A new beginning was to take place at this time, a beginning based on the value of the blood of the lamb of sacrifice (v.2). Clearly this is typical of the... read more
THE PASSOVER At the close of the tenth chapter Moses declares Pharaoh shall see his face no more, while in the eleventh he is present with him again. Therefore with the exception of the first three verses of chapter 11 the remainder must be a continuation of chapter 10. Let us consider it thus, taking up the questions in Exodus 11:1-3 in connection with chapter 12. THE LAST PLAGUE ANNOUNCED (Exodus 11:4-10 ) Hitherto God plagued Egypt mediately, but how was this plague to be distinguished... read more
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Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Exodus 12:1-16
C. God’s redemption of His people 12:1-13:16Scholars differ in their opinions as to when Israel actually became a nation. Many have made a strong case for commencing national existence with the institution of the Passover, which this section records. The proper translation of the Hebrew word pasah is really "hover over" rather than "pass over." [Note: Meredith G. Kline, "The Feast of Cover-over," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 37:4 (December 1994):497-510.] ". . . properly... read more