Heaviness = Anxiety (feminine) stoop = bowed down. Illustrations: Ezra (Ezra 9:3 Ezra 10:6 ); Nehemiah (Nehemiah 1:4 ); David (Psalms 40:12 ); Jeremiah (Jeremiah 8:18 ). maketh, &c. = maketh [the man] glad [by driving it (feminine), the anxiety (feminine), away]. read more
the righteous = a righteous one, is more excellent than his neighbour = guideth his neighbour. seduceth them = leadeth them astray. The clauses are not "unrelated", nor is the text "corrupt beyond restoration", when properly translated. read more
roasteth not, &c. = starteth not his game (see the Oxford Gesenius). substance: i.e. that which the diligent man "starts" and obtains is substantial. The proverb is not "humorous". read more
life: i.e. life eternal. See note on Leviticus 18:5 . no death = immortality. Or take nethebah (as in Judges 5:6 . Isaiah 59:8 ) as denoting, with derek, no devious winding by-path. In this case we must read 'el, "to", instead of 'al, "no". This avoids the necessity of the italics. read more
"Lying lips are an abomination to Jehovah; But they that deal truly are his delight."This verse is quite similar to Proverbs 11:20, and our comments there are applicable here. read more
"A prudent man concealeth knowledge; But the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness."Keil's rendition is: "A prudent man conceals knowledge, and a heart-fool proclaims imbecility."[32] Moffatt has; "No cautious man blurts out all that he knows, but a fool comes out with his folly."[33] read more
"The hand of the diligent shall bear rule; But the slothful shall be put under taskwork."The mention of taskwork here reminds us that, "Forced labor was Solomon's own inglorious introduction in Israel."[34] We might add that it was also the sin that divided the kingdom and disrupted the reign of Rehoboam, Solomon's son. read more
"Heaviness in the heart of a man maketh it stoop; But a good work maketh it glad.""A word of terror disturbs the heart of a (righteous) man, but a good message will gladden him."[35] In the first clause, the subject is anxiety; and the Savior, "Bids us beware of anxiety, and not to perplex ourselves with solicitude for the future (Matthew 6:34; 1 Peter 5:7)."[36] read more
"The righteous is a guide to his neighbor; But the way of the wicked causeth them to err."Here again one's obligation to his neighbor is stressed. The uncertainty of the Hebrew text here prompted this rendition: "A righteous man turns away from evil, but the way of the wicked leads them astray."[37] read more
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E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Proverbs 12:23
concealeth knowledge. Illustrations: Samuel (1 Samuel 9:27 . Compare Proverbs 10:16 ); Nehemiah (Nehemiah 6:2 , Nehemiah 6:3 ). fools. Hebrew. kesil. See note on Proverbs 1:7 . Not the same word as in verses: Proverbs 12:15 , Proverbs 12:16 , Proverbs 12:24 shall bear rule. Illustrations: Eleazar (Genesis 24:2 , Genesis 24:10 ); Joseph (Genesis 39:4 , Genesis 39:22 ); Jeroboam (1 Kings 11:28 ). read more