romans-13:1-5

Robert Jamieson; A. R. Fausset; David Brown

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Romans 13:4

4. he beareth not the sword in vain—that is, the symbol of the magistrate's authority to punish. read more

Robert Jamieson; A. R. Fausset; David Brown

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Romans 13:5

5. Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath—for fear of the magistrate's vengeance. but also for conscience' sake—from reverence for God's authority. It is of Magistracy in general, considered as a divine ordinance, that this is spoken: and the statement applies equally to all forms of government, from an unchecked despotism—such as flourished when this was written, under the Emperor Nero—to a pure democracy. The inalienable right of all subjects to endeavor to alter or improve... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:1

When Paul said "every person" (Gr. psyche) he probably had every Christian person in mind since he was writing to Christians. Nevertheless what he said about his readers’ conduct toward their civil government also applies to the unsaved. He was not legislating Christian behavior for unbelievers, but when unbelievers behave this way the best conditions prevail.Subjection or submission involves placing oneself under the authority of another and doing or not doing what the authority requires. Paul... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:1-7

1. Conduct towards the government 13:1-7Paul passed from a loosely connected series of exhortations in Romans 12:9-21 to a well-organized argument about a single subject in Romans 13:1-7 (cf. Matthew 22:15-22; Mark 12:13-17; Luke 20:20-26; 1 Peter 2:13-14)."Forbidding the Christian from taking vengeance and allowing God to exercise this right in the last judgment [cf. Romans 12:19-21] might lead one to think that God was letting evildoers have their way in this world. Not so, says Paul in... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:2

Refusal to submit to one’s government is tantamount to refusing to submit to God. Those who resist God’s ordained authority can expect to suffer condemnation by the government. This is really the indirect judgment of God (cf. Matthew 26:52)."Capital punishment was ordained in Genesis 9:5-6, and it has not been abolished [by God]." [Note: Wiersbe, 1:557. See Newell, pp. 497-98, for a brief excursus on capital punishment.] read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:3

There are two possible ways to explain this verse that on the surface seems very naive. Each of these interpretations will have very different results for those who hold them. The problem, of course, is that rulers are sometimes, perhaps often, a cause of fear for those who do right. Government authorities sometimes abuse their powers for selfish ends. If they do not but serve the welfare of the people as they should, we have no fear of them and can submit to them fairly easily. What if they... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:4

God will use government, good and bad, to bring the submissive Christian what is good from His perspective (cf. Romans 8:28). Christians who are not submissive should fear because government has received its power to punish evildoers from God. read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:5

There are two reasons a Christian needs to be submissive to his government. One is that the government may punish him if he is not submissive. The other is that God may punish him. God’s punishment may be during the Christian’s lifetime or after that at the judgment seat of Christ. In this case the punishment might involve the loss of some reward that the believer would have received had he or she been submissive. "Conscience" refers to the believer’s knowledge of God’s will and purposes.... read more

John Darby

Darby's Synopsis of the New Testament - Romans 13:1

13:1 subject (h-5) Or 'let every soul subject itself.' it is reflexive; see Note e, Hebrews 1:3 . 'Sets himself in opposition,' ver. 2, is in direct contrast. read more

John Darby

Darby's Synopsis of the New Testament - Romans 13:2

13:2 bring (i-23) Lit. 'shall receive.' read more

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Romans 13:4

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Romans 13:5

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:1

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:1-7

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:2

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:3

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:4

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Romans 13:5

Darby's Synopsis of the New Testament - Romans 13:1

Darby's Synopsis of the New Testament - Romans 13:2

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