And (meantime) Hamor the father of Shechem went out —accompanied by Shechem ( Genesis 34:11 )— unto Jacob —who was encamped in the outskirts of the city ( Genesis 33:18 )— to commune with him concerning Dinah's marriage with his son. read more
And the sons of Jacob ( i.e. Leah's children, Dinah's full brothers, for certain, though perhaps also her half brothers) came out of the field when they heard it (Jacob having probably sent them word): and the men were grieved ,—literally, grieved themselves, or became pained with anger, the verb being the hithpael of צָעַב , to toil or labor with pain. The LXX . connect this with the preceding clause, ὡς δὲ ἤκουσαν , κατενύγησαν οἱ ἅνδρες , implying that they did... read more
And Hamor communed (literally, spake ) with them ( i.e. the whole family, or Jacob and his sons), saying, The soul of my son Shechem longeth for —the root ( חָשַׁק ) signifies to join together, intrans; to be joined together, hence to cleave to another in love (cf. Deuteronomy 7:7 , Deuteronomy 7:10 , Deuteronomy 7:15 ; Deuteronomy 21:11 ); of similar import to the word ( דָּבַק ) employed in Genesis 34:3 , which means to be devotedly attached to any one, as, ... read more
And Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren (speaking with becoming deference and earnestness, and manifestly prompted by fervent and sincere love), Let me find grace in your eyes ,— i.e. let my suit be accepted ( vide Genesis 33:15 )— and what ye shall say unto me I will give. Ask me never so much dowry and gift ,—literally, multiply upon me exceedingly dowry and gift; the dowry ( mohar ) being the price paid for a wife to her parents (cf. Exodus 22:16 ; 1 Samuel... read more
And the sons of Jacob (manifestly without the knowledge of their father) answered Shechem and Humor his father deceitfully, and said, —the object of the verb said is to be found in the next verse, "we cannot do this thing," the clause commencing " because " being parenthetical (Rosenmüller, Furst), so that it is unnecessary either to take דְבֶּר in the unusual sense of doles struere (Schultens, Gasenius, Keil), or to supply after said " with deceit" from the preceding clause... read more
And their words pleased (literally, were flood in the eyes of ) Hamor, and (literally, in the eyes of ) Shechem , Hamor's son. And the young man deferred not ( i.e. delayed not) to do the thing (literally, the word, i.e. to submit to circumcision. This is stated here by anticipation), because he had delight in Jacob's daughter: and he was more honorable —literally, more honored, doubtless because more worthy of regard (cf. 1 Chronicles 4:9 )— than all the house... read more
And Hamor and Shechem his son came (or went) unto the gate of their city ( vide on Genesis 19:2 ; Genesis 23:10 ), and communed with (or spake to) the men of their city, saying, These men ( i.e. Jacob and his sons) are peaceable with us (literally, peaceable are they with us . This is the first argument employed by Hamor and Shechem to secure the consent of the citizens to the formation of an alliance with Jacob and his sons); therefore let them dwell in the land, and... read more
And unto Hamor and unto Shechem his son hearkened all that went out of the gate of his city . The ready acquiescence of the Shechemites to the proposal of Jacob's sons has not unreasonably been regarded as a proof that they were already acquainted with circumcision as a social, if not religious, rite (Kurtz, Keil, &c.;). And every male was circumcised, all that went out of the gate of his city. Knobel notes it as remarkable that the Hivites were not circumcised, since, according to... read more
And it came to pass on the third day, when they were sore ,—literally, in their being in pain ; δτε η}san e)n tw=| po&nw;| ( LXX .). Inflammation and fever commonly set in on the third day, which was for that reason regarded as the critical day— that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah's brethren ( i.e. sons of the same mother, Leah), took each man his sword, and came upon the city —accompanied by their servants (Keil), or their father's men (Murphy), but... read more
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The Pulpit Commentary - Genesis 34:5
And Jacob heard —most likely from some of Dinah's companions (Patrick), since she herself was still detained in She-chore's house ( Genesis 34:26 )— that he (Hamor's son) had defiled —the verb here employed conveys the idea of rendering unclean (cf. Genesis 34:13 , Genesis 34:27 ; Numbers 19:13 ; 2 Kings 23:10 ; Psalms 79:1 ; that in Psalms 79:2 expresses the notion of violence)— Dinah his daughter . It was an aggravation of Shechem's wickedness that it was perpetrated... read more