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Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary - Exodus 10:21-29

Here is, I. The plague of darkness brought upon Egypt, and a most dreadful plague it was, and therefore is put first of the ten in Ps. 105:28; though it was one of the last; and in the destruction of the spiritual Egypt it is produced by the fifth vial, which is poured out upon the seat of the beast, Rev. 16:10. His kingdom was full of darkness. Observe particularly concerning this plague, 1. That it was a total darkness. We have reason to think, not only that the lights of heaven were... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 10:22

And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven, and there was a thick darkness over all the land of Egypt three days. The eleventh, twelveth, and thirteenth days of the month Abib; with this compare the fifth vial, Revelation 16:10 . read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 10:23

They saw not one another ,.... Not only the luminaries of heaven were covered and beclouded with the darkness, so that they were of no use to them; but the fogs and vapours which occasioned it were so damp and clammy that they put out their fires, lamps, and candles, so that they could receive no benefit from them: neither rose up any from his place for three days ; from the place of his habitation, not being able to find the way to the door, or however not able to do any business... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 10:23

They saw not one another - So deep was the obscurity, and probably such was its nature, that no artificial light could be procured; as the thick clammy vapors would prevent lamps, etc., from burning, or if they even could be ignited, the light through the palpable obscurity, could diffuse itself to no distance from the burning body. The author of the book of The Wisdom of Solomon 17:2-19, gives a fearful description of this plague. He says, "The Egyptians were shut up in their houses, the... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 10:22

Verse 22 22.And Moses stretched forth his hand. By this darkness God not only wished to reprove the blindness of Pharaoh’s mind, but in every way to convince him how senseless and mad he was in his resistance. There is no blessing which is more common to all men, from the very highest even to the lowest, than light, which is enjoyed not less by the humblest and most contemptible people than by the greatest kings. It was, then, a terrible judgment of God, that the whole world should be... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 10:20-29

The Ninth Plague-the darkness. I. CONSIDER THE PLAGUE ITSELF . As with the plagues of the gnats and of the boils and blains, so with this plague—there is no record of any formal intimation of its coming. If such an intimation was absent, we feel that there was good reason for the absence. Though Pharaoh had abased himself in great fear and consternation, so that he might get rid of the locusts, yet the moment they were gone all his stubbornness returned in full force. What use... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 10:21-23

The children of darkness have darkness, and the children of light have light as their portion. From the beginning of the creation God "divided the light from the darkness" ( Genesis 1:4 ); and ever since the two have been antagonistic the one to the other. Angels as well as men are divided into two classes—bright and glorious spirits that dwell in the light of God's presence, and are called" angels of light" ( 2 Corinthians 11:14 ); and gloomy spirits of evil, whom God has reserved in... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 10:21-29

1 . In its extent, covering as it did "all the land d Egypt;" 2 . In its intensity—"they saw not one another" ( Exodus 10:23 )—"darkness which may be felt" ( Exodus 10:21 ); 3 . In its circumscription, extending, as it did, to all Egypt except only the land of Goshen ( Exodus 10:23 ). These circumstances made Pharaoh at once recognise its heaven-sent character, and request its removal of Moses, whom he sought to persuade by conceding the departure of the Israelites with... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 10:21-29

The plague of darkness. This was the third of the great plagues, and it came, as in certain previous instances, unannounced. I. THE LAST OF THE ADMONITORY PLAGUES ( Exodus 10:21-24 ). The plagues, viewed as trials of Pharaoh's character, end with this one. The death of the first-born was a judgment, and gave Pharaoh no further space for repentance. We may view this last of the nine plagues: 1 . As awful in itself. Whatever its natural basis, the preternatural... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 10:22

A thick darkness .—Literally, "An obscurity of darkness." The phrase is intensitive. read more

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