On April 26, 1518, Luther's fame was secured. While his 95 Theses, written six months earlier, had caused some rumblings, it was the Heidelberg Disputation that was, arguably, the match to the gasoline of the Reformation. Friend and foe were made at Heidelberg. In his Twenty-Eight Theological Theses, and Twelve Philosophical Theses, Luther tears down the Medieval religious system, and he burns everything down to the true Foundation: Jesus Christ, who died and rose for sinners.
This edition offers an historical introduction to the Heidelberg Disputation. The Theses and their Proofs, written May 1518, are translated with readability in mind. This opens the Heidelberg Disputation to all Christians, and not just to a few trained in theology.
Martin Luther changed the course of Western civilization by initiating the Protestant Reformation. As a priest and theology professor, he confronted indulgence salesmen with his 95 Theses in 1517. Luther strongly disputed their claim that freedom from God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms meeting in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the emperor.
Luther taught that salvation is a free gift of God and received only by grace through faith in Jesus as redeemer from sin, not from good works. His theology challenged the authority of the pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood.
His translation of the Bible into the language of the people (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the translation into English of the King James Bible. His hymns inspired the development of singing in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant priests to marry.
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