ヨハネの黙示録 2:12 JC

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 2:12

And to the angel of the church in Pergamos - See the notes on Revelation 1:20.These things saith he which hath the sharp sword, ... - See the notes on Revelation 1:16. Compare Hebrews 4:12; Ecclesiastes 12:11; Isaiah 49:2. Prof. Stuart suggests that when the Saviour, as represented in the vision, “uttered words, as they proceeded from his mouth, the halitus which accompanied them assumed, in the view of John, the form of an igneous two-edged sword.” It is more probable, however, that the words... read more

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Revelation 2:12-13

Revelation 2:12-13. And to the angel of the church in Pergamos write “Pergamos, formerly the metropolis of the Hellespontic Mysia, and the seat of the Attalic kings, is by the Turks, with some little variation, still called Bergamo, and hath its situation about sixty-four miles to the north of Smyrna. Here are some good buildings, but more ruins. All the city, almost, is occupied by the Turks, very few families of Christians being left, whose state is very sad and deplorable. Here is only... read more

Donald C. Fleming

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Revelation 2:12-17

Letter to Pergamum (2:12-17)The difficulties of the church in Pergamum were mainly connected with the religious system known as Emperor worship, which in the province of Asia had its headquarters in Pergamum. Christians on the whole had stood firm and refused to join in the Emperor worship. At least one, Antipas, had been martyred (12-13).But as at Ephesus, there were some who taught and practised Nicolaitan teachings. Like Balaam, they caused God’s people to sin by joining in idolatrous feasts... read more

E.W. Bullinger

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Revelation 2:12

Pergamos. A city of Mysia famous for the worship of Aesculapius, to whom the title of soter (saviour) was given and whose emblem was the serpent. Identified with Apollo; compare Acts 16:16 . Some trace the Babylonian pagan priesthood as removing to Pergamos. there them that 1hold the doctrine He Which hath, &c. See Revelation 1:16 . read more

James Burton Coffman

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Revelation 2:12

And to the angel of the church in Pergamum write: These things saith he that hath the sharp two-edged sword:PERGAMUMAngel of the church ... See references above on this.The name Pergamum means citadel,[58] but the word parchment, meaning paper of Pergamum, also derives from it.[59] When political jealousy interrupted the supply of papyrus from Egypt, Pergamum invented the method of making paper from the skins of animals; and a great library was built there, which was later moved to Alexandria... read more

Thomas Coke

Thomas Coke Commentary on the Holy Bible - Revelation 2:12

Revelation 2:12. To the angel of the church in Pergamos— Pergamos, formerly the metropolis of the Hellespontic Mysia, and the seat of the Attalick kings, is, by the Turks, with some little variation, still called Bergamo, and has its situation about 64 miles to the north of Smyrna. Here are good buildings, but more ruins: The place is almost wholly occupied by the Turks, very few families of Christians being left, whose state is very deplorable. Here is only one church remaining, dedicated to... read more

Robert Jamieson; A. R. Fausset; David Brown

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Revelation 2:12

12. TRENCH prefers writing Pergamus, or rather, Pergamum, on the river Caicus. It was capital of Attalus the Second's kingdom, which was bequeathed by him to the Romans, 133 B.C. Famous for its library, founded by Eumenes (197-159), and destroyed by Caliph Omar. Parchment, that is, Pergamena charta, was here discovered for book purposes. Also famous for the magnificent temple of Æsculapius, the healing god [TACITUS, Annals, 3.63]. he which hath the sharp sword with two edges—appropriate to His... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Revelation 2:12

1. Destination and description of Christ 2:12Pergamum (modern Bergama) lay about 55 miles north of Smyrna inland a few miles from the Aegean coast. The meaning of the name "Pergamum" is "citadel." The town was noteworthy for three reasons. It was a center for many pagan religious cults, and emperor worship was more intense there than in any other surrounding city. [Note: Barclay, Letters to . . ., p. 45.] Second, it boasted a university with a large library. Third, it was the leader and center... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Revelation 2:12-17

C. The letter to the church in Pergamum 2:12-17The purpose of this letter was to encourage the Christians in Pergamum for their faithfulness to Christ and to urge them to reject the false teaching in their midst. read more

John Dummelow

John Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible - Revelation 2:1-29

The Epistles to the Seven Churches (Revelation 2:1 to Revelation 3:22)Since ’seven’ is the perfect number, the ’seven churches’ represent all the Churches of the province of Asia. At the same time, the special circumstances of each Church are faithfully pictured in each epistle. Ramsay points out that St. John alludes, as well, to the special circumstances of each city. He suggests that the Churches are mentioned in the order in which a messenger carrying letters would travel. The letters,... read more