出エジプト記 22:20-23 Jcb
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:20
Law against sacrificing to false gods. Sacrifice was the chief act of worship; and to sacrifice to a false god was to renounce the true God. Under a theocracy this was rebellion, and rightly punished with temporal death. In ordinary states it would be no civil offence, and would be left to the final judgment of the Almighty. Utterly destroyed . Literally, "devoted;" but with the meaning of "devoted to destruction." read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:21
Law against oppression of foreigners . It may be doubted whether such a law as this was ever made in any other country. Foreigners are generally looked upon as "fair game," whom the natives of a country may ridicule and annoy at their pleasure. Native politeness gives them an exceptional position in France; but elsewhere it is the general rule to "vex" them. The Mosaic legislation protested strongly against this practice ( Exodus 23:9 ; Le 19:33), and even required the Israelites to "love... read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:21
The treatment of the stranger. I. NOTE THE FACT THAT STRANGERS WOULD COME INTO SUCH CONTACT WITH ISRAEL AS TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITY FOR THIS TREATMENT . Jehovah had done a great deal in Israel to make them a separated people—separated in many ways as by the land of their dwelling, their national institutions, their worship, their personal rite of circumcision; but separation, with all its rigours and all the penalties for neglecting it, could never... read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:21-29
Jehovah's proteges and representatives. I. JEHOVAH 'S PROTEGES ( Exodus 22:21-28 ). These are the stranger, the fatherless, the widow, and the poor generally—all of whom the Israelites are forbidden to "afflict." The ground of Jehovah's interest in them is his own character—"for I am gracious" ( Exodus 22:27 ). In him, however little they may sometimes think of it or feel it, they have a constant Friend, a great invisible Protector. They are (in the sense of Roman law)... read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:22
Ye shall not afflict . The word translated "afflict" is of wide signification. including ill-usage of all kinds. "Oppress," and even "vex," are stronger terms. read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:22-24
Law against oppressing widows and orphans . With the stranger are naturally placed the widow and orphan; like him, weak and defenceless; like him, special objects of God's care. The negative precept here given was followed up by numerous positive enactments in favour of the widow and the orphan, which much ameliorated their sad lot. (See Exodus 23:11 ; Le Exodus 19:9 , Exodus 19:10 ; Deuteronomy 14:29 ; Deuteronomy 16:11 , Deuteronomy 16:14 ; Deuteronomy 24:19-21 ; Deuteronomy... read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:22-24
The treatment of the widow and the fatherless. This injunction is even more humiliating to receive than the preceding one. It was bad enough to find those who had been foreigners in Egypt oppressing foreigners among themselves, and forgetting their own sufferings and deliverances. Still the slight excuse was available that as God's mercy to Israel receded into the past, and became a mercy to a former generation rather than a present one (at least, so it might be plausibly put), it was only... read more
Spence, H. D. M., etc.
The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:23
And they cry at all unto me Rather, " Surely , if they cry unto me." Compare Genesis 31:42 . read more
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The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 22:16-28
The severity and the tenderness of God. The miscellaneous laws thrown together, without any clear logical sequence or indeed any manifest connection, in the latter part of this chapter, may, generally speaking, be grouped under the two heads of instances of the Divine severity, and instances of the Divine tenderness. Here, as in so many places, "mercy and truth meet together—righteousness and peace kiss each other." God is as merciful to the weak and helpless as severe towards the bold and... read more