出エジプト記 4:21-7:2 JCB

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 4:21

All those wonders . The miracles wrought in Egypt are called nipheloth , "marvels," mophethim , "portents," and 'othoth , "signs." Mophethim , the word here used signifies something out of the ordinary course of nature, and corresponds to the Greek τέρατα and the Latin portenta . It is a different word from that used in Exodus 3:20 . In "all these wonders" are included, not only the three signs of Exodus 4:3-9 , but the whole series of miracles afterwards wrought in... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 4:21

Hardening. God communicates anew with Moses, fortifying his resolution to appear before Pharaoh, putting words into his mouth, and warning him of the effect his message would produce. He was not to fail to do all his wonders before Pharaoh, though the only effect would be to harden the monarch's heart—to confirm him in his resolution not to let the people go. I. THE WORD OF GOD IS TO BE ADDRESSED TO MEN , WHATEVER RECEPTION IT MAY MEET WITH . It is to be... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 4:21-23

And the Lord said, etc . Now that Moses had at last given up his own will and entered on the path of obedience, God comforted him with a fresh revelation,, and gave him fresh instructions as to what exactly he was to say to Pharaoh. The statements of Exodus 4:21 are not new, being anticipated in Exodus 3:19-20 ; but the directions in Exodus 3:22 -23 are wholly new, and point to the greatest of all the miracles wrought in Egypt—the death of the firstborn. read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Exodus 4:21

I will harden - Calamities which do not subdue the heart harden it. In the case of Pharaoh, the hardening was at once a righteous judgment, and a natural result of a long series of oppressions and cruelties. read more

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Exodus 4:21-23

Exodus 4:21-23. Which I have put in thy hand In thy power: I will harden his heart After he has frequently hardened it himself, wilfully shutting his eyes against the light, I will at last permit Satan to harden it effectually. Thus saith the Lord This is the first time that preface is used by any man, which afterward is used so frequently by all the prophets: Israel is my son, my firstborn Precious in my sight, honourable, and dear to me. Let my son go Not only my servant, whom... read more

Donald C. Fleming

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Exodus 4:18-31

Moses returns to Egypt (4:18-31)After meeting God, Moses returned to Jethro and then set out with his wife and sons for Egypt. God warned Moses of the stubbornness he could expect to meet in Pharaoh and of the disaster this would bring upon the Egyptian people (18-23). However, Moses could hardly instruct Israel to obey God when he himself had neglected the first requirement of the covenant, the circumcision of his son (cf. Genesis 17:10,Genesis 17:14). God sent Moses a near-fatal illness or... read more

E.W. Bullinger

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Exodus 4:21

I will harden = I will embolden. By Hebrew idiom active verbs of doing are used of suffering or permitting a thing to be done. Compare Genesis 31:7 , e.g. Hebrew "God did not give him to do me evil". Compare Authorized Version Exodus 5:22 .Psalms 16:10 (give = suffer); Jeremiah 4:10 (deceived = suffered to be deceived). So Ezekiel 14:9 ; Ezekiel 20:25 .Matthew 6:13 ; Matthew 11:25 (hid = not revealed); Exodus 13:1 .Acts 13:29 (took him down = permitted). Romans 9:18 (hardeneth = suffereth to... read more

James Burton Coffman

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Exodus 4:21

THE JUDICIAL HARDENING OF PHARAOH"And Jehovah said unto Moses, When thou goest back into Egypt, see that thou do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in thy hand: but I will harden his heart, and he will not let the people go."The big thing in this verse is the simple declaration on the part of God that, "I will harden his heart." We may be sure that God still hardens the hearts of willful and impenitent sinners. The phenomenon mentioned here is repeatedly referred to in the Bible,... read more

Thomas Coke

Thomas Coke Commentary on the Holy Bible - Exodus 4:21

Exodus 4:21. Goest to return— Houbigant renders this, And the Lord said unto him, when he was returning into Egypt. The Vulgate renders it in the same manner. I will harden his heart— For a full explication of this phrase, see the note on ch. Exodus 9:34. read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Exodus 4:19-23

Moses did not return immediately to Egypt when he arrived back in Midian following his encounter with God at Horeb (Exodus 4:19). God spoke to him again in Midian and sent him back to Egypt assuring His servant that everyone who had sought his life earlier had died. Compare Abram’s stalling in Haran until God again urged him to press on to the unknown Promised Land.Exodus 4:20 describes what Moses did after God’s full revelation to him in Midian that continues in Exodus 4:21-23. In... read more

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 4:21

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 4:21

The Pulpit Commentary - Exodus 4:21-23

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Exodus 4:21

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Exodus 4:21-23

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Exodus 4:18-31

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Exodus 4:21

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Exodus 4:21

Thomas Coke Commentary on the Holy Bible - Exodus 4:21

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Exodus 4:19-23

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