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Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - 2 Kings 23:10

2 Kings 23:10 . He defiled Topheth By throwing different kinds of filth and dead carcasses into it, and making it the burying-place of the city. Topheth was a place very near Jerusalem, where was the image of Molech, to whom some sacrificed their children, burning them in the fire, as the reader may see in the note on Leviticus 18:21; and to whom others, as many able interpreters think, only dedicated them, by making them pass between two fires, or by waving them, or making them jump over a... read more

Donald C. Fleming

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - 2 Kings 23:1-27

Extent of Josiah’s reforms (23:1-27)Josiah was not discouraged by the prophecy of judgment on Judah. Rather he intensified his efforts to change his people. His greater reformation would now begin. To gain the cooperation of all the leading citizens, he explained to them the contents of the book on which he was basing his reforms, and invited them to join with him in renewing the covenant with God (23:1-3).With uncompromising zeal, Josiah removed all idolatrous priests and destroyed all shrines... read more

E.W. Bullinger

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - 2 Kings 23:10

Topheth = the Topheth. First occurrence. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), put for anything abhorrent. valley, &c. The junction of the three valleys uniting south of Jerusalem. The continual fires burning there gave the Greek name Gehenna (from the Hebrew Ge Hinnom = valley of Hinnom). Molech. Compare Jeremiah 7:31 , Jeremiah 7:32 ; Jeremiah 19:2-6 . Prohibited Deuteronomy 18:10 . Compare 1 Kings 11:7 . read more

Thomas Coke

Thomas Coke Commentary on the Holy Bible - 2 Kings 23:10

2 Kings 23:10. And he defiled Topheth— Topheth תפת comes from תפ top, a musical instrument, a drum or tabor; and the place was so called, according to the general opinion of the Jews, because drums or tabors in this horrid valley were used to be beaten, in order to drown the cries and shrieks of the hapless little innocents who were burned alive to the idol Molech. Hence Milton, speaking of Moloch, calls him, ——Horrid king, besmear'd with blood Of human sacrifice, and parents' tears, Though for... read more

Robert Jamieson; A. R. Fausset; David Brown

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - 2 Kings 23:10

10. Topheth—so called from Toph—a "drum." It is the prevailing opinion among Jewish writers that the cries of the terrified children made to pass through the fire in that place of idolatrous horror were drowned by the sound of that instrument. read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - 2 Kings 23:1-30

D. Josiah’s Good Reign 22:1-23:30Since Josiah was eight years old when his father died at age 22, he must have been born when Amon was only 14. It was very common, both in the ancient Near East generally and in Israel, for kings to marry very young and to father children when they were early teenagers. [Note: Nadav Na’aman, "Historical and Chronological Notes on the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah in the Eighth Century B.C.," Vetus Testamentum 36 (1986):83-91.] The years Josiah ruled were 640-609... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - 2 Kings 23:3-27

2. Josiah’s reforms 22:3-23:27Josiah began to seek Yahweh when he was 16 years old and began initiating religious reforms when he was 20 (2 Chronicles 34:3-7). His reforms were more extensive than those of any of his predecessors. One of them involved the repair of Solomon’s temple (2 Kings 22:5; cf. 2 Kings 12:4-16). He began this project when he was 26.". . . Josiah rules during years in which Assyria fades but also those in which Babylon is not yet ready to rule as far west as Judah and in a... read more

John Dummelow

John Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible - 2 Kings 23:1-37

Religious Reform. Josiah’s Death2. The prophets] Jeremiah, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah lived about this time. Read in their ears] cp. the similar proceeding related in Nehemiah 8:4.; 3. By a pillar] or, ’upon a platform’: cp. Nehemiah 11:144. The priests of the second order] probably to be corrected into ’the second priest’ (as in 2 Kings 25:18), i.e. the high priest’s deputy. Grove] see on 2 Kings 21:7. 5. The planets] or, ’the signs of the zodiac’ The word is said to mean ’mansions,’ the stars... read more

Charles John Ellicott

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers - 2 Kings 23:10

(10) Topheth.—Heb. the Topheth; i.e., the burning place, or hearth, if the word be rightly derived from the Persian tôften, “to burn.” The Hebrew word, however, has been so modified as to suggest a derivation from tôph, “to spit;” so that the epithet would mean “the abomination.” (Comp. 2 Kings 23:13.) (Comp. also Job 17:6; Isaiah 30:33; and the Coptic tâf, “spittle.”)The valley of the children of Hinnom.—Elsewhere called “the valley of the son of Hinnom,” and “the valley of Hinnom (Joshua... read more

William Nicoll

Expositor's Bible Commentary - 2 Kings 23:1-25

JOSIAH’S REFORMATION2 Kings 22:8-20; 2 Kings 23:1-25"And the works of Josias were upright before his Lord with a heart full of godliness."- #/RAPC 1 Esdras 1:23"From Zion shall go forth the Law, and the Word of the Lord from Jerusalem."- Isaiah 2:3IT is from the Prophets-Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Ezekiel-that we catch almost our sole glimpses of the vast world-movements of the nations which must have loomed large on the minds of the King of Judah and of all earnest politicians in... read more