約書亞記 20:2-9 CUNPTS

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Joshua 20:2

Cities of refuge - An institution of this kind was essentially necessary wherever the patriarchal law relative to the right of redemption and the avenging of blood was in force; we have already seen that the nearest of kin to a deceased person had not only the right of redeeming an inheritance that had been forfeited or alienated, but had also authority to slay on the spot the person who had slain his relative. Now, as a man might casually kill another against whom he had no ill-will,... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Joshua 20:7

They appointed Kedesh in Galilee - The cities of refuge were distributed through the land at proper distances from each other that they might be convenient to every part of the land; and it is said they were situated on eminences, that they might be easily seen at a distance, the roads leading to them being broad, even, and always kept in good repair. In the concluding note on Numbers 35:33 ; it has been stated that these cities were a type of our blessed Lord, and that the apostle... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Joshua 20:9

For all the children of Israel , and for the stranger - As these typified the great provision which God was making for the salvation of both Jews and Gentiles, hence the stranger as well as the Israelite had the same right to the benefits of these cities of refuge. Is He the God of the Jews only? Is He not also the God of the Gentiles? Until he stood before the congregation - The judges and elders of the people, in trying civil and criminal causes, always sat;... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Joshua 20:7

Verse 7 7.And they appointed Kedesh, etc The Hebrew word Kedesh here used, signifies also to fit and consecrate. Accordingly, I interpret, that cities were selected according as common use required. (174) Hence it is inferred that matters were well arranged so as to make private yield to public interest. Moreover, we shall see in the next chapter, that Ciriath-Arbah, which was afterwards called Hebron, was transferred to the Levites, though it had formerly been the property of Caleb. Hence... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:1-6

The manslayer and his refuge. The institution of the cities of refuge stands as a conspicuous memorial of the beneficent spirit of the Mosaic economy. It bore a resemblance to that right of asylum, or sanctuary, which in some form or other has found a place in the usage of all nations from the earliest times, but it was not liable to the same abuse. Every provision of the Mosaic economy enshrined some enduring principle. Some great moral lesson was intended to be impressed by it on the... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:1-9

The cities of refuge. The institution of these cities was intended to put bounds to revenge, while providing for the punishment of crime. As Lange remarks, the Mosaic law found the principle of vengeance at the hand of the nearest relative of the deceased already recognised, and desired to direct and restrain it. Three considerations suggest themselves on this point. I. THE VALUE OF HUMAN LIFE . The most serious crime one man could commit against another (offences against God... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:2

Cities of refuge. I. THE APPOINTMENT OF CITIES OF REFUGE EXEMPLIFIES UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE . We do not need such cities because we can attain the end they were set apart to accomplish by simpler means, but we are called to observe the principles they were instituted to maintain. (a) do not judge others needlessly ( Matthew 7:1 ); (b) when it is necessary to judge do not be deceived by outward appearance, but consider differences of motive ( John... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:2

The cities of refuge. We know how strictly the law of Moses applied the avenging law. He who had killed was himself to be killed. The nearest relation of the victim had the right, and it was his duty, to pursue the offender. He was the avenger of blood. The law, under its original form, made no distinction between a murder committed purposely and of premeditation, and an unintentional murder. It may well be said that in this respect it was the inexorable law of the letter which killeth. ... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:2-3

Danger and safety. The Book of Joshua supplements the Pentateuch. It tells Us of the execution of the behests contained in the law. Hence it preaches a continual lesson of obedience. How far do our lives exhibit a conformity of practice to gospel precepts? Surely God says to us, as to Joshua, "Be mindful of the commandment given by the hand of My servant." I. A PREVALENT CUSTOM MODIFIED . The rights of kinsmen were various and strongly insisted on. The exaction of vengeance for... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:3

Unawares and unwittingly. Literally, in error, in not knowing. Numbers 35:16-18 and Deuteronomy 19:5 , give a clear explanation of what is here meant. Knobel notices that the first of these expressions is found in Le Deuteronomy 4:2 , and the second in Deuteronomy 4:42 . The latter is "superfluous," and therefore a "filling up of the Deuteronomist." The "Deuteronomist" must have been very active in his "filling up." If he were really so lynx-eyed in a matter of style, it is a... read more

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Joshua 20:2

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Joshua 20:7

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Joshua 20:9

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Joshua 20:7

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:1-6

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:1-9

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:2

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:2

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:2-3

The Pulpit Commentary - Joshua 20:3

Group of Brands