출애굽기 21:29 KRV

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Exodus 21:28-32

The Hammurabi Code specified the death of the son of the owner of the ox if the ox killed the son of another man (Exodus 21:31). [Note: Ibid., section 230.] The Torah required the owner’s life or a ransom (Exodus 21:30). Note, too, that Exodus 21:31-32 value the lives of male and female slaves the same. The value of an adult slave under the Torah was 30 shekels of silver (cf. Matthew 26:15). Under the Code of Hammurabi it was 1/3 of a mina of silver (about 17 shekels). [Note: Ibid., section... read more

John Dummelow

John Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 21:1-36

The Book of the Covenant (continued)I-ii. Regulations regarding the Treatment of Hebrew Slaves.Slavery was universal in ancient times, and the Mosaic Law does not abolish it. Among the Hebrews, however, slavery was by no means the degrading and oppressive thing that it was among other nations. Manstealing, upon which modern systems of slavery are based, was a crime punishable by death (see Exodus 21:16), and the Law of Moses recognises the right of a slave to just and honourable treatment. A... read more

Charles John Ellicott

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers - Exodus 21:28-32

(28-32) Injuries to the person might arise either from man or from animals. Protection from both was needed. The law given to Noah (Genesis 9:5) had already laid it down that whenever a beast killed a man his life was to be forfeit. This law was now re-enacted, but with a further and very important proviso. If the animal had an owner, and the owner had reason to know that it was dangerous, then not only the beast, but the owner also was to be held guilty. He was to be liable to a process for... read more

Charles John Ellicott

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers - Exodus 21:29

(29) His owner also shall be put to death.—It seems clear that under this law the representatives of the slain person might have exacted life for life; but probably they would in almost all cases have been ready to accept a compensation. read more

William Nicoll

Expositor's Dictionary of Texts - Exodus 21:1-36

Exodus 21:1 The Maker's Laws, whether they are promulgated in Sinai thunder, to the ear or imagination, or quite otherwise promulgated, are the Laws of God; transcendent, everlasting, demanding obedience from all men. The Universe is made by Law; the great Soul of the World is just and not unjust. Look then, if thou have eyes or soul left, into this Shoreless Incomprehensible; into the heart of its tumultuous Appearances, Embroilments and mad Time-Vortexes, is there not, silent, eternal, an... read more

William Nicoll

Expositor's Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:1-32

CHAPTER XXI.THE LESSER LAW (continued).PART II.--RIGHTS OF THE PERSON.Exodus 21:1-32.The first words of God from Sinai had declared that He was Jehovah Who brought them out of slavery. And in this remarkable code, the first person whose rights are dealt with is the slave. We saw that a denunciation of all slavery would have been premature, and therefore unwise; but assuredly the germs of emancipation were already planted by this giving of the foremost place to the rights of the least of all and... read more

William Nicoll

Expositor's Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:1-36

6THE LESSER LAW.Exodus 20:18 - Exodus 23:33.With the close of the Decalogue and its universal obligations, we approach a brief code of laws, purely Hebrew, but of the deepest moral interest, confessed by hostile criticism to bear every mark of a remote antiquity, and distinctly severed from what precedes and follows by a marked difference in the circumstances.This is evidently the book of the Covenant to which the nation gave its formal assent (Exodus 24:7), and is therefore the germ and the... read more

Arno Clemens Gaebelein

Arno Gaebelein's Annotated Bible - Exodus 21:1-36

CHAPTER 21 Different Judgments 1. Master and servant (Exodus 21:1-11 ) 2. Concerning injury to the person (Exodus 21:12-32 ) 3. Concerning property (Exodus 21:33-36 ) The Three Chapters which follow the giving of the Ten Commandments give the practical application of the Decalogue in the daily life. The duties towards the fellowman are demonstrated in part. There are seven sections to these three chapters; each section contains ten precepts. The servant occupies the first place. He was... read more

L.M. Grant

L. M. Grant's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 21:1-36

RESPONSIBILITIES OF MASTERS (vs.1-11) Moses is now given an expanded view of the law on Chapters 21-23. Special duties of masters are first considered. They may think they have full authority over their slaves, but they must first remember God's authority over themselves. For God decidedly limits their authority over slaves. It was permissible to buy a Hebrew slave. Sometimes one would become so poor as to sell himself to another (Leviticus 25:39), but his master was to strictly observe... read more

James Gray

James Gray's Concise Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:1-36

THE CIVIL CODE The ten commandments constitute the moral law, a perfect rule of duty for all men and everywhere. But the “judgments” (Exodus 21:1 ) that follow are an application of those commandments to Israel in the peculiar circumstances of their history at that time and when they should inhabit Canaan. The ten commandments, let us say, represent the constitution of the United States, and the judgments the legislative enactments based thereon by Congress. The three chapters now entered... read more

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Exodus 21:28-32

John Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 21:1-36

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers - Exodus 21:28-32

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers - Exodus 21:29

Expositor's Dictionary of Texts - Exodus 21:1-36

Expositor's Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:1-32

Expositor's Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:1-36

Arno Gaebelein's Annotated Bible - Exodus 21:1-36

L. M. Grant's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 21:1-36

James Gray's Concise Bible Commentary - Exodus 21:1-36

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