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Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - 1 Kings 22:22

And the Lord said unto him, Wherewith? [Heb. By what? ] And he said, I will go forth, and I will be a lying spirit [Heb. a spirit of a lie . Cf. Zechariah 13:2 ; 1 John 4:6 ] in the mouth of all his prophets. [His prophets, not God's. Cf. 2 Kings 3:13 .] And he said, Thou shalt persuade him. and prevail also: go forth, and do so. read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - 1 Kings 22:23

Now therefore, behold, th e Lord hath put a lying spirit in the mouth Of all these thy [Cf. ὁ οἷκος ὑμῶν , Matthew 23:38 ] prophets [This statement, especially to those who have taken the narrative literally, and who have seen in "the spirit" either one of the angels of God, or Satan himself, has presented almost insuperable difficulties. The main difficulty lies in the fact that the Almighty and All Holy is here made to give His sanction to deceit and lying, for the purpose... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - 1 Kings 22:21

A spirit - “The spirit “ - which some explain as “the evil spirit” - i. e. Satan; others as simply “the spirit” who should “persuade.” read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - 1 Kings 22:22

The difficulties which attach to this passage are considerable. On the one hand, it is hard to suppose one of the holy Angels a “lying spirit;” on the other, hard to find Satan, or an evil spirit, included among “the host of heaven” 1 Kings 22:19 and acting as the minister of God. Still, Job 1:6; Job 2:1, lend countenance to the latter point, and 2 Thessalonians 2:11 to the former. But it may be doubted whether we ought to take literally, and seek to interpret exactly, each statement of the... read more

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - 1 Kings 22:20-22

1 Kings 22:20-22 . The Lord said, Who shall persuade Ahab, &c. This is not to be understood grossly, as if God were at a loss to find out an expedient to accomplish his own designs; nor is it to be supposed that there was really any such consultation, before the Divine Majesty, as who should be employed to persuade Ahab to undo himself. But this is a symbolical representation, to signify that the Lord resolved to suffer Ahab to be deceived and perish at Ramoth-Gilead rather than in any... read more

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - 1 Kings 22:23

1 Kings 22:23. Now therefore, behold, the Lord hath put, &c. It is frequent in the Holy Scriptures to call that the Lord’s doing which he only permits to be done; because he has the supreme direction of all things, and governs the event. Wicked devices proceed from wicked men and wicked spirits: but, that they prevail and take effect, is owing to the hand of God directing and ordering when and where they shall light, and what shall be the issue of them. Hath put a lying spirit into the... read more

Donald C. Fleming

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - 1 Kings 22:1-40

Ahab and Jehoshaphat (22:1-40)Three years after making his peace agreement with King Ben-hadad of Syria, Ahab broke it. He saw the chance to retake the border town of Ramoth-gilead, and persuaded Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, to help him (22:1-4). (Jehoshaphat had previously made an alliance with Ahab by having his son Jehoram marry Ahab’s daughter Athaliah; 2 Kings 8:16-18,2 Kings 8:25-26; 2 Chronicles 18:1; 2 Chronicles 18:1.) The professional prophets in Ahab’s court were more concerned with... read more

E.W. Bullinger

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - 1 Kings 22:22

Thou shalt, &c. Illustrating 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 . Compare Ezekiel 14:9 , "I have deceived" = I have permitted it. This is quite in harmony with Proverbs 12:22 . That refers to the sphere of God's grace ; this to the sphere of His judgment. We are governed by His Word, not by His ways. Proverbs 12:22 refers to the world of men. This to the world of spirits, read more

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