Leviticus 11:11-13 NIV

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Leviticus 11:13

Leviticus 11:13. All such fowls and birds as are rapacious, and live upon prey, as the eagle, and its several kinds, hawks, kites, vultures, ravens, &c., are forbidden, and probably on a moral as well as a natural account, their flesh not only being not so good in itself as that of others, but not so fit to be used by a people that was consecrated to God, and professed greater innocency, justice, and purity, than the rest of the world. For, being all either ravenous and cruel, or such as... read more

Donald C. Fleming

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Leviticus 11:1-47

11:1-15:33 CLEANNESS AND UNCLEANNESSSince Israel’s God was holy, Israel itself had to be holy (11:44-45). One duty of the priests was to distinguish between what was holy and unholy, clean and unclean (10:10). This holiness was to extend to every part of the people’s lives, including the food they ate and their bodily cleanliness. Those who broke any of the laws of cleanliness were considered unclean and had to be ceremonially cleansed before they could join again in the full religious life of... read more

E.W. Bullinger

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Leviticus 11:13

fowls = flying things; very difficult to identify the English names. eagle: or vulture. ossifrage. A rendering of the Hebrew "bone-breaker", from taking their prey up in the air and dropping it on a rock to break it. ospray: or sea eagle. read more

James Burton Coffman

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Leviticus 11:13

UNCLEANNESS OF WINGED CREATURES; AS BIRDS; INSECTS"And these ye shall have in abomination among the birds; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the gier-eagle, and the osprey, and the kite, and the falcon after its kind, every raven after its kind, and the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kind, and the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl, and the horned owl, and the pelican, and the vulture, and the stork, the heron... read more

Thomas Coke

Thomas Coke Commentary on the Holy Bible - Leviticus 11:13

Leviticus 11:13. These are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls— All rapacious birds, and such as live upon prey, are forbidden: and we read of no nations that have ever used them as food; for which, doubtless, the God of nature never designed them: accordingly Dr. James observes, that all these fowls are highly alkalescent, and therefore strongly inclined to putrefaction, both as they are birds of prey, and as their habitual exercise is great. It should be observed, that the... read more

Robert Jamieson; A. R. Fausset; David Brown

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Leviticus 11:12

12. Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales, c.—Under this classification frogs, eels, shellfish of all descriptions, were included as unclean "many of the latter (shellfish) enjoy a reputation they do not deserve, and have, when plentifully partaken of, produced effects which have led to a suspicion of their containing something of a poisonous nature." read more

Robert Jamieson; A. R. Fausset; David Brown

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Leviticus 11:13

13-19. these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls—All birds of prey are particularly ranked in the class unclean; all those which feed on flesh and carrion. No less than twenty species of birds, all probably then known, are mentioned under this category, and the inference follows that all which are not mentioned were allowed; that is, fowls which subsist on vegetable substances. From our imperfect knowledge of the natural history of Palestine, Arabia, and the contiguous... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Leviticus 11:1-23

Distinctions between clean and unclean animals 11:1-23We have here the same threefold division of animals that inhabit the land, sea, and air as the one that appears in the story of creation (Genesis 1:20-23)."It has long been recognized . . . that the order of the purity laws in Leviticus 11 follows that of the creation of animal life in Genesis 1 (Rashi). Moreover, just as in Genesis 1 God distinguished ’good’ and ’evil’ in his new creation, so also in Leviticus 11 God distinguished the... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Leviticus 11:1-47

1. Uncleanness due to contact with certain animals ch. 11"This chapter contains a selected list of creatures that divides each type of creature into various classes of purity. According to the final verse in the chapter, the decisive question was whether a class of animals was unclean or clean. The goal of the distinctions was to determine whether an animal could be eaten. The notion of uncleanness and cleanness is specifically applied in this chapter to the question of holiness. Violating any... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Leviticus 11:9-12

Perhaps the Israelites could eat water creatures with fins and scales because these are the normal means of propulsion among fishes. As has already been observed (Leviticus 11:3), the means of locomotion and the mode of eating were the two types of tests used to distinguish between clean and unclean animals. Water creatures without fins and scales did not have the normal means of locomotion for their element. read more

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Leviticus 11:13

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Leviticus 11:1-47

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Leviticus 11:13

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Leviticus 11:13

Thomas Coke Commentary on the Holy Bible - Leviticus 11:13

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Leviticus 11:12

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Leviticus 11:13

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Leviticus 11:1-23

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Leviticus 11:1-47

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Leviticus 11:9-12

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