申命記 21:4 CUNPTS

L. M. Grant's Commentary on the Bible - Deuteronomy 21:1-23

UNSOLVED MURDER (vs.1-9) If one was killed and his body found removed from any city or town, the murderer being unknown, then elders and judges of Israel were required to ascertain what was the nearest city. Then the elders of that city must take the responsibility of facing this righteously. This involved taking a young heifer that had never been worked or yoked for service, bringing it down to a valley where there was running water, a valley in its pristine condition. There the elders... read more

James Gray

James Gray's Concise Bible Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:1-23

VARIOUS REGULATIONS EXPIATION OF INNOCENT BLOOD (Deuteronomy 21:1-9 ) These ceremonies showed the sanctity associated with human life. The “rough valley” of verse 4 is in the Revised Version “running water,” and the whole was calculated to lead to the discovery of criminals and repress crime. FEMALE CAPTIVES (Deuteronomy 21:10-14 ) These regulations were to improve the usages of the nations concerning the capture of females in war. A month was the period of mourning among the Jews, and... read more

Robert Hawker

Hawker's Poor Man's Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:1-4

I pause at these verses to remark the particularity of feature in the beast, which was doomed as a victim on this occasion; that it must be one which hath not been wrought with. Is not this typical of him who was doomed to have his blood shed as expiatory, to do away human offences, both those that are known and those that are secret? Did not the SON of GOD, with whom nothing had been wrought of labour or of sin, come down to the valley of this our world, and was he not taken by the elders and... read more

George Haydock

George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:4

Valley. In such places murders are most frequently perpetrated. Hebrew may signify, "a desert," deep or inaccessible torrent, (Haydock) on the side of which the heifer was to be slain, and its body was then, it seems, thrown into the water. The ancients first washed their hands over her. Thus the victim of malediction against those who break a covenant, is buried in a ditch, or cast into the sea. (Homer, Iliad i.) --- Was. Some translate the Hebrew "shall be," as if the place was to be... read more

Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary on the Bible - Deuteronomy 21:1-9

1-9 If a murderer could not be found out, great solemnity is provided for putting away the guilt from the land, as an expression of dread and detesting of that sin. The providence of God has often wonderfully brought to light these hidden works of darkness, and the sin of the guilty has often strangely found them out. The dread of murder should be deeply impressed upon every heart, and all should join in detecting and punishing those who are guilty. The elders were to profess that they had not... read more

Paul E. Kretzmann

The Popular Commentary by Paul E. Kretzmann - Deuteronomy 21:1-9

The Case of an Unknown Murder v. 1. If one be found slain in the land which the Lord, thy God, giveth thee to possess it, somewhere out in the open, on the soil, lying in the field, where the murderer had left or dragged him, and it be not known who hath slain him, v. 2. then thy elders and thy judges shall come forth, namely, those of the neighboring cities and towns, the elders as the representatives of the congregation, and the judges as the exponents of law and order, and they shall... read more

Johann Peter Lange

Lange's Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Critical, Doctrinal and Homiletical - Deuteronomy 21:1-9

The Sixth CommandDeuteronomy 19:1 to Deuteronomy 21:9Deuteronomy 19:1-211When the Lord thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the Lord thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, [possessest them (their land)] and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses; 2Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land which the Lord thy God giveth thee to possess it. 3Thou shalt prepare [restore, put in good condition] thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land which the... read more

G. Campbell Morgan

G. Campbell Morgan's Exposition on the Whole Bible - Deuteronomy 21:1-23

Sundry laws affecting the life of the people in the land after the conquest were now uttered. The sin of murder was once again dealt with. This time it was the murder of a person which could not be traced to the guilty party. Civic responsibility must be recognized by offering sacrifice. The question of the marriage of captive women was also dealt with. Should a man set his heart on one of these women, she was to be treated in the most honorable way. The marriage was not to be consummated for... read more

Peter Pett

Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible - Deuteronomy 21:1-9

III. REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE SHEDDING OF BLOOD (Deuteronomy 19:1 to Deuteronomy 21:9 ). In this section the question of different ways of shedding blood is considered. Lying behind this section is the commandment, ‘you shall do no murder’. It should be noted that in some sense it continues the theme of the regulation of justice. The shedding of the blood of men was always a prominent issue with God (compare Genesis 9:5-6). It is dealt with in a number of aspects. a). In Deuteronomy 19:0... read more

Arthur Peake

Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible - Deuteronomy 21:1-9

Deuteronomy 21:1-1 Samuel : . See W. R. Smith, Kinship 1 p. 263 (= 64f. in Kinship 2 ) for a similar law among the ancient Arabs. The ground of this law may be the belief that, until avenged or atoned for, a murdered man’ s blood defiles a land and its people. Note the idea that the community (here the nearest town) is responsible for the act of an individual. The conception of individual responsibility becomes specially prominent in Jeremiah 31:29, Ezekiel 14:12 ff., Ezekiel 18:2 f. The... read more