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Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Revelation 18:16

And saying, Alas, alas that great city! Most authorities omit "and." Woe, woe, the great city! (nominative case); exactly as in Revelation 18:10 . That was clothed in fine linen, and purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls. She that was clothed, etc. Decked; "gilded," as in the Revised Version margin, as in Revelation 17:4 . The identity of description of the woman and Babylon is another proof of the essentially identical nature of the two (see... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:12

The merchandise of gold, and silver - Of course, these constitute an important article of commerce in a great city.And precious stones - Diamonds, emeralds, rubies, etc. These have always been important articles of traffic in the world, and, of course, most of the traffic in them would find its way to great commercial cities.And pearls - See the notes on Matthew 7:6; Matthew 13:46. These, too, have been always, and were, particularly in early times, valuable articles of commerce. Mr. Gibbon... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:13

And cinnamon - Cinnamon is the aromatic bark of the Laurus Cinnamomam, which grows in Arabia, India, and especially in the island of Ceylon. It was formerly, as it is now, a valuable article in the Oriental trade.And odours - Aromatics employed in religious worship, and for making perfumes. Mr. Gibbon (vol. i. p. 34) mentions, among the articles of commerce and luxury, in the age of the Antonines, “a variety of aromatics that were consumed in religious worship and the pomp of funerals.” It is... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:14

And the fruits that thy soul lusted after - Literally, “the fruits of the desire of thy soul.” The word rendered “fruits” - ὀπώρα opōra - properly means, “late summer; dog-days,” the time when Sirius, or the Dog-star, is predominant. In the East this is the season when the fruits ripen, and hence the word comes to denote fruit. The reference is to any kind of fruit that would be brought for traffic into a great city, and that would be regarded as an article of luxury.Are departed from thee -... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:15

The merchants of these things - Who trafficked in these things, and who supplied the city with them, Revelation 18:11.Which were made rich by her - By traffic with her.Shall stand afar off - Revelation 18:10.For fear of her torment - Struck with terror by her torment, so that they did not dare to approach her, Revelation 18:10. read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:16

And saying, Alas, alas ... - notes on Revelation 18:10.That was clothed in fine linen - In the previous description Revelation 18:12-13, these are mentioned as articles of traffic; here the city, under the image of a female, is represented as clothed in the most rich and frivolous of these articles.And purple, and scarlet - See the notes on Revelation 17:3-4. Compare Revelation 18:12 of this chapter.And decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls - notes on Revelation 17:4. read more

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Revelation 18:12-14

Revelation 18:12-14. The merchandise, &c. There is an end of all traffic or commerce with her, whether spiritual or temporal; of gold and silver, &c. Almost all the things here named are still in use at Rome, both in their idolatrous service and in common life; fine linen The sort of which here mentioned, βυσσος , is exceedingly costly; thyine-wood A sweet- smelling wood, not unlike citron, used in adorning magnificent palaces. Vessels of most precious wood Ebony in... read more

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Revelation 18:15-21

Revelation 18:15-21. The merchants, ship-masters, and sailors, and as many as trade by sea, weep and wail For they can no longer import or export commodities for her, or convey strangers to and fro, for there is an end of all her gains, wealth, and glory. These lamentations are copied from the like lamentations over Tyre, (Ezekiel 26:0. and 27.,) and are equal to the most mournful strains of the Greek tragedians over Thebes or Troy. In all, they stand afar off In a mixture of terror and... read more

Donald C. Fleming

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Revelation 18:9-24

Reactions to Babylon’s fall (18:9-19:5)Those who grew prosperous through their commerce with the city weep and mourn at its destruction. The rulers of the nations stand afar off, watching the destruction but doing nothing to help the city in its distress (9-10). Merchants and businessmen mourn for the burning city, not because they have any love for it, but because they have no more market for their goods. Like the rulers they are guided by motives that are entirely selfish. They are distressed... read more

E.W. Bullinger

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Revelation 18:12

precious. Greek. timios. The noun in Revelation 18:19 . most precious. Superl. of Greek. timios above. read more

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