出エジプト記 4:21-7:2 JCB

Hawker's Poor Man's Commentary - Exodus 4:21

So many objections vain and carnal men have in all ages brought against the hardening of Pharaoh's heart; that I wish the Reader, be who he may, to pause once for all over this account of it, and consider seriously the justice, as well as the wisdom, displayed in it. Every man by nature since the fall is averse to divine things and, if this aversion be not removed by Almighty grace, becomes more and more so in proportion as the demonstrations of God's sovereignty are brought before the hardened... read more

George Haydock

George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary - Exodus 4:21

I shall harden, &c. Not by being the efficient cause of his sin; but by withdrawing from him, for his just punishment, the dew of grace, that might have softened his heart; and so suffering him to grow harder and harder. (Challoner) --- Non impertiendo misericordiam. (St. Augustine, ep. 194, ad Sixt.) Thus God permitted the false miracles of the magicians, and did not suffer the scourges to continue long, so that the tyrant soon relapsed and forgot his promises. (Origen, Philos. xx;... read more

Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 4:18-23

18-23 After God had appeared in the bush, he often spake to Moses. Pharaoh had hardened his own heart against the groans and cries of the oppressed Israelites; and now God, in the way of righteous judgment, hardens his heart against the teaching of the miracles, and the terror of the plagues. But whether Pharaoh will hear, or whether he will forbear, Moses must tell him, Thus saith the Lord. He must demand a discharge for Israel, Let my son go; not only my servant, whom thou hast no right to... read more

Paul E. Kretzmann

The Popular Commentary by Paul E. Kretzmann - Exodus 4:18-26

Moses dismissed by Jethro v. 18. And Moses went and returned to Jethro, his father-in-law, and said unto him, Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren which are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive. The faithfulness, the sense of duty in Moses would not have permitted him to leave the flocks in the wilderness and to go to Egypt without leave-taking, even for a short while. He told Jethro as much of the truth as the latter needed to know at that time, for he would hardly have... read more

Johann Peter Lange

Lange's Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Critical, Doctrinal and Homiletical - Exodus 4:1-31

Exodus 4:1 And Moses answered and said, But, behold, they will not believe me, nor hearken unto my voice; for they will say, Jehovah hath not appeared unto 2thee. And Jehovah said unto him, What is that [this] in thine [thy] hand? And he said, A rod. 3And he said, Cast it on the ground. And he cast it on the ground, 4and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from before it. And Jehovah said unto Moses, Put forth thy hand, and take it by the tail. And he put forth his hand, and caught it, and it... read more

Frederick Brotherton Meyer

F.B. Meyer's 'Through the Bible' Commentary - Exodus 4:18-31

Moses and Aaron Announce God’s Purpose to Israel Exodus 4:18-31 So often the keenest tests of a man’s fitness for his life-work are furnished by his behavior in his home. It may be that Zipporah had resisted the earlier imposition on her son of the initial rite of the Jewish faith and her proud soul had to yield. No man who has put his hand to God’s plow can take counsel with flesh and blood, or look back. At whatever cost we must set our own house in order, before we can emancipate a... read more

G. Campbell Morgan

G. Campbell Morgan's Exposition on the Whole Bible - Exodus 4:1-31

A further difficulty was now declared. The man who first doubted himself and then doubted because of his ignorance of God now doubted because of the people to whom he was to be sent. God had told him that the people would hearken, but now he questioned this. All fear of man is evidence of feeble faith in God. In the presence of such fear what we need is clearer vision of God. The story shows that God understood and answered the fear of His servant by granting him signs. Then is revealed the... read more

Peter Pett

Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 4:21-26

The Three Sons (Exodus 4:21-26 ). This section could be described as being at the heart of the book of Exodus, for it deals with three attitudes that lie at the heart of God’s dealings with the world: His dealings with Israel, His dealings with Pharaoh and His dealings with each individual who is to serve Him. It takes up three aspects of sonship and faces us all up with a choice, for each of us must decide whose sons we will be. And the passage centralises on Yahweh’s attitude towards these... read more

Arthur Peake

Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 4:21-23

Exodus 4:21-Isaiah : J. The Death of Pharaoh’ s Firstborn is Threatened. Exodus 4:22 f. seems to have been moved back hither from before Exodus 10:28 to serve as a general introduction to the Plagues, receiving Exodus 4:21 as preface. The “ portents” of Exodus 4:21 are not the “ signs” of Exodus 4:2-1 Samuel : J, to be done for Israel’ s benefit, but those of Exodus 4:17 E, to be done with the rod before Pharaoh.— With Exodus 4:22 cf. Hosea 11:2. The prophetic intuition which saw... read more

Matthew Poole

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible - Exodus 4:21

In thine hand, i.e. in thy power or commission, to be clone by thy hand, and the rod in it. I will harden his heart, that he shall he unmerciful to all the groans and pressures of the Israelites, inexorable to the requests of Moses, unmovable and incorrigible by all my words and works. But God doth not properly and positively make men’s hearts hard, but only privatively, either by denying to them, or withdrawing from them, that grace which alone can make men soft, and flexible, and pliable to... read more