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Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary - 2 Samuel 12:1-14

It seems to have been a great while after David had been guilty of adultery with Bath-sheba before he was brought to repentance for it. For, when Nathan was sent to him, the child was born (2 Sam. 12:14), so that it was about nine months that David lay under the guilt of that sin, and, for aught that appears, unrepented of. What shall we think of David's state all this while? Can we imagine that his heart never smote him for it, or that he never lamented it in secret before God? I would... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - 2 Samuel 12:5

And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man ,.... That had done this, taking it for a real fact: and he said to Nathan, as the Lord liveth, the man that hath done this thing shall surely die ; which be said in the transport of his wrath and fury; otherwise a thief, according to the law of Moses, was not to be put to death, but to make restitution; and if he was not able to make it, then to be sold, but he was not to die for it; but David thought the crime was so greatly... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - 2 Samuel 12:6

And he shall restore the lamb fourfold ,.... Which was according to the law in Exodus 22:1 ; but Kimchi thinks, because the word is of the dual number, it signifies double the number, and that the sentence was to restore eight lambs, because he being a rich man stole from the poor man; so Mr. Weemse F19 Of the Moral Law, l. 2. ch. 10. p. 252. Vid. Gusset. Ebr. Comment. p. 776. renders it, twice four, twice as much as was commanded in the law; for the Hebrews, he observes, double in... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - 2 Samuel 12:7

And Nathan said to David, thou art the man ,.... The rich man, or who is designed by him in the parable, and answers to him F20 "----- mutato nomine, de te Fabula narratur -----". Horat. Sermon. l. 1. Satyr. 1. ver. 69,70. : thus saith the Lord God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel ; that is, ordered Samuel to anoint him, who did, 1 Samuel 16:1 ; to which this chiefly refers; and after that he was anointed first by the tribe of Judah, and then by all the tribes of... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - 2 Samuel 12:8

And I gave thee thy master's house ,.... Not his palace at Gibeah, but rather his family, his wives, servants, wealth, and riches, all being confiscated through the rebellion of Ishbosheth; or rather his kingdom he succeeded him in: and thy master's wives into thy bosom ; though we read of no more than one that belonged to Saul, if he is meant by his master, excepting Rizpah his concubine, nor ever of David taking them into his bosom and bed; wherefore this can be understood only of his... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - 2 Samuel 12:5

The man - shall surely die - Literally מות בן ben maveth , "he is a son of death," a very bad man, and one who deserves to die. But the law did not sentence a sheep-stealer to death; let us hear it: If a man steal an ox or a sheep, he shall restore Five Oxen for an ox, and Four Sheep for a sheep, Exodus 22:1 ; and hence David immediately says, He shall restore the lamb Fourfold. read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - 2 Samuel 12:7

Thou art the man - What a terrible word! And by it David appears to have been transfixed, and brought into the dust before the messenger of God. Thou Art this son of death, and thou shalt restore this lamb Fourfold. It is indulging fancy too much to say David was called, in the course of a just Providence to pay this fourfold debt? to lose four sons by untimely deaths, viz., this son of Bath-sheba, on whom David had set his heart, was slain by the Lord; Amnon, murdered by his brother... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - 2 Samuel 12:8

Thy master ' s wives into thy bosom - Perhaps this means no more than that he had given him absolute power over every thing possessed by Saul; and as it was the custom for the new king to succeed even to the wives and concubines, the whole harem of the deceased king, so it was in this case; and the possession of the wives was a sure proof that he had got all regal rights. But could David, as the son-in-law of Saul, take the wives of his father-in-law? However, we find delicacy... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - 2 Samuel 12:1-14

The facts are: 1. God sends Nathan the prophet to David, who tells him a story of the greed of a wicked rich man, who, to satisfy his avarice, took away and slew the pot ewe lamb of a poor man. 2 . David, accepting the story as a matter of fact, is very angry with this man, and swears that for his deed and lack of compassion he ought to die and restore fourfold. 3 . Nathan thereupon reveals the parabolic character of his narrative, by saying unto David, "Thou art the man !" 4 ... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - 2 Samuel 12:5

Shall surely die. It is strange language to declare that a man shall be put to death and then fined four lambs; But David says nothing of the sort, but that the man is "a son of death," that is, a wretch who deserves to die. The Revised Version correctly renders, "is worthy to die." The sentence actually passed, of fourfold restitution, is exactly in accordance with the Mosaic Law ( Exodus 22:1 ), but the moral turpitude of the offence was far greater than could be atoned for by the legal... read more

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