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Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:15-17

This law restrains men from disinheriting their eldest sons out of mere caprice, and without just provocation. I. The case here put (Deut. 21:15) is very instructive. 1. It shows the great mischief of having more wives than one, which the law of Moses did not restrain, probably in hopes that men's own experience of the great inconvenience of it in families would at last put an end to it and make them a law to themselves. Observe the supposition here: If a man have two wives, it is a thousand... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:15

If a man have two wives ,.... Which is supposed, but not approved of, though permitted because of the hardness of men's hearts; for it was not so from the beginning, when only one man and one woman were created, and joined together in marriage; but as it was connived at, and become customary, a law is made to prevent confusion, and preserve order in families: one beloved and another hated ; or less loved, yet continued his wife, and not divorced. Aben Ezra observes, this follows upon the... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:16

Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath ,.... By a will in writing, or byword of mouth, or by a deed of gift, actually bestowing his goods upon them, and dividing among them what he is for the present possessed of; see Luke 15:12 , that he may not make the son of the beloved firstborn before the son of the hated, which is indeed the firstborn ; that is, when such is the case, that the son of his wife he has the least value for is really his firstborn,... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:17

But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn ,.... Own him and declare him to be so, both by his will and the division of goods by him; or he shall "separate" him, as Onkelos; distinguish him from all his other sons, and make known to all, as the Targum of Jonathan, that he is his firstborn: by giving him a double portion of all that he hath ; or, "that is found with him" F20 אשר ימצא לו "quod inventum fuerit ei", Pagninus, Montanus., ; which he was in the... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Deuteronomy 21:15

One beloved, and another hated - That is, one loved less than the other. This is the true notion of the word hate in Scripture. So Jacob Hated Leah, that is, he loved her less than he did Rachel; and Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I Hated, that is, I have shown a more particular affection to the posterity of Jacob than I have to the posterity of Esau. See the note on Genesis 29:31 . From this verse we see that polygamy did exist under the Mosaic laws, and that it was put under certain... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Deuteronomy 21:15

Verse 15 15.If a man have two wives. Inasmuch as it is here provided that a father should not unjustly transfer what belongs to one son to another, it is a part and supplement of the Eighth Commandment, the substance of which is, that every one’s rights should be preserved to him. For, if the father substituted another son in the place of his first-born, it was unquestionably a kind of theft. But, since it rarely happens that a father unnaturally degrades his first-born from his precedence, if... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:10-15

The captive wife. The kindness, thoughtfulness, and strict justice of the Mosaic laws is very striking. The Law here interposes to secure— I. CONSIDERATE TREATMENT OF ONE BEREAVED . ( Deuteronomy 21:10-14 .) The case supposed comes under the law of Deuteronomy 20:14 . The woman was a captive in war and a heathen, yet the Israelite is required to respect her chastity, and, if he conceive a passion for her, must not only make her his wife in a proper manner, but must allow... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:15-17

If a man have two wives, one of whom is a favorite and the other disliked, and if his firstborn son be the child of the latter, he is not to allow his love for the other to prejudice the right of the son, but must allow him, both in his own lifetime and in the disposition of his property after death, the full privilege and right of a firstborn son. read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:15-17

Home partialities never to warp home justice. This paragraph indicates deep insight into human nature, and a far-seeing wisdom which surely indicates its superhuman origin. It is designed to restrict the action of the father with reference to the inheritance of the children, in cases where there were two families, not, apparently, by two wives living at the same time (as is the passage favored polygamy), but rather by two of whom the second became the wife after the death of the first... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Deuteronomy 21:15-17

The rights of the firstborn in the house of a bigamist. Bigamy was not encouraged by the Mosaic Law. Where it took place in man's passion, the Law stepped in to regulate the relations in the household impartially. The house of a bigamist may be the scene of sudden jealousies and dispeace, but God steps in to forbid it being the scene of injustice. The discomfort is providentially inseparable from the bigamy—it would have been a pity had it been otherwise! But the Lord steps in to prevent... read more

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