Exodus 14:10-11

Robert Jamieson; A. R. Fausset; David Brown

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Exodus 14:10

10. when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes—The great consternation of the Israelites is somewhat astonishing, considering their vast superiority in numbers, but their deep dismay and absolute despair at the sight of this armed host receives a satisfactory explanation from the fact that the civilized state of Egyptian society required the absence of all arms, except when they were on service. If the Israelites were entirely unarmed at their departure, they could not... read more

Thomas Constable

Expository Notes of Dr. Thomas Constable - Exodus 14:5-14

This is the first of Israel’s many complaints against Moses and Yahweh that Moses recorded in Scripture. It is the first of ten that culminated in God’s judgment of them at Kadesh Barnea (Exodus 14:11; Numbers 14:22-23)."This is the first example in the Old Testament of what some scholars call ’holy war’ or ’Yahweh war.’ That is, this war was undertaken by the Lord in defense of His own reputation, promises, and self-interest (Exodus 14:10-14; see also, for example, Exodus 15:3; Deuteronomy... read more

John Dummelow

John Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 14:1-31

Crossing the Red Sea2. At Etham the Israelites reached the Egyptian frontier, travelling in a northeasterly direction. Instead of crossing the frontier to the E. side of the Bitter Lakes they are commanded to turn southwards, keeping the Red Sea on their left. The reason for this change of route may have been a repulse by the garrison of one of the line of fortresses on the E. border of Egypt. None of the places mentioned here has been identified with certainty. There is even a doubt as to what... read more

Charles John Ellicott

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers - Exodus 14:10

(10) The children of Israel . . . were sore afraid.—It has been objected that 600,000 men above twenty years of age had no need to be afraid of such an army as the Pharaoh could have hastily gathered. The entire armed force of Egypt is reckoned by Herodotus (2:166-168) at 410,000, and it is tolerably clear that not one-half of these could have been mustered. It would imply, indeed, more facility of mobilisation than we should have expected in this early age, if Pharaoh was able to bring 100,000... read more

Charles John Ellicott

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers - Exodus 14:11

(11) Because there were no graves in Egypt.—Spoken in bitter irony, doubtless, but scarcely with any conscious reference to Egypt as “a land of tombs.” They meant simply to say: “Might we not as well have died there as here?” read more

William Nicoll

Expositor's Dictionary of Texts - Exodus 14:1-31

Exodus 14:13 In explaining ( Apologia, pp. 262 f.) why he had not come forward in defence of Catholic truth against the scientific heresies of the age, Newman writes: 'It seemed to be specially a time in which Christians had a call to be patient, in which they had no other way of helping those who were alarmed than that of exhorting them to have a little faith and fortitude and to "beware," as the poet says, "of dangerous steps."' In this policy he also felt the Papal authorities would support... read more

William Nicoll

Expositor's Bible Commentary - Exodus 14:1-31

CHAPTER XIV.THE RED SEA.Exodus 14:1-31.It would seem that the Israelites recoiled before a frontier fortress of Egypt at Khetam (Etham). This is probable, whatever theory of the route of the Exodus one may adopt; and it is still open to every reader to adopt almost any theory he pleases, provided that two facts are borne in mind: viz., first, that the narrative certainly means to describe a miraculous interference, not superseding the forces of nature, but wielding them in a fashion impossible... read more

Arno Clemens Gaebelein

Arno Gaebelein's Annotated Bible - Exodus 14:1-31

CHAPTER 14 The Pursuit of the Enemy and Redemption by Power 1. The coming of Pharaoh announced (Exodus 14:1-4 ) 2. The pursuit and Israel troubled (Exodus 14:5-12 ) 3. Moses speaks to the people (Exodus 14:13-14 ) 4. The Lord speaks to Moses (Exodus 14:15-18 ) 5. The passages through the Red Sea (Exodus 14:19-22 ) 6. The Egyptians overthrown (Exodus 14:23-29 ) 7. The great work accomplished (Exodus 14:30-31 ) While the marching host of Israel was ignorant of Pharaoh’s device and... read more

John Calvin

Geneva Study Bible - Exodus 14:10

14:10 And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians marched after them; and they were sore {f} afraid: and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD.(f) They who earlier had rejoiced in their deliverance, being now in danger, are afraid. read more

L.M. Grant

L. M. Grant's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 14:1-31

THE OBSTACLE OF THE RED SEA (vs.1-2) By the Word of the Lord Israel was brought now to a spot from which there was no natural way of escape. The Red Sea was before them, three mountains surrounded them except to their rearward. But they could not go back, for God informed them that Pharaoh was having his heart hardened by God so as to pursue them (v.4). He tells Moses to command the children of Israel to encamp before Pihahiroth. This means "the mouth of wrath kinglings" (v.2). They are not... read more

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