Exodus 22:9-13 NIV

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary - Exodus 22:7-15

These laws are, I. Concerning trusts, Exod. 22:7-13. If a man deliver goods, suppose to a carrier to be conveyed, or to a warehouse-keeper to be preserved, or cattle to a farmer to be fed, upon a valuable consideration, and if a special confidence be reposed in the person they are lodged with, in case these goods be stolen or lost, perish or be damaged, if it appear that it was not by any fault of the trustee, the owner must stand to the loss, otherwise he that has been false to this trust... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:9

For all manner of trespass ,.... With respect to what is committed to a man's trust, and it is lost to the owner of it, there must be somewhere or other a trespass committed, either by the person into whose hands it was put, or by a thief that has stolen it from him: whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing by which it appears that either of these, or any other cattle not named, as well as money and vessels, or household goods, or goods in... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:10

If a man deliver to his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast to keep ,.... And he keeps it without a reward, as the Targum of Jonathan; but Jarchi and Aben Ezra more rightly interpret this of one that keeps for hire, as herdsmen, shepherds, &c.; The Jews say F20 Misn. Bava Metzia, c. 7. sect. 8. there are"four sorts of keepers; he that keeps for nought (or freely), he that borrows, he that takes hire, and he that hires; he that keeps for nought swears in all cases... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:11

Then shall an oath of the Lord be between them both ,.... Either by the one, the keeper, for the satisfaction of the owner, or by them both; by the owner, that he delivered such and such cattle to the keeper; and by the keeper, that he was no ways concerned in the death, hurt, or carrying off of the same: and this is called "the oath of the Lord", not only because in this law required by him, but because sworn by him, or in his name, and made before him, in his presence, who is hereby... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:12

And if it be stolen from him ,.... Or "but if" F24 כי אם "si autem", Drusius. it was taken away by theft; and that "from with him" F25 מעמו "e cum eo", Montanus. , as it may be literally rendered, from among his own cattle, and they not taken; and he being present, pretending to have an eye upon them and keep them, but was careless and negligent, at least, if he did not connive at the theft: he shall make restitution to the owner thereof ; for in such a case there was... read more

John Gill

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:13

If it be torn in pieces ,.... By some wild beast, at least as pretended: then let him bring it for witness ; part of that which is torn, that it may be witness for him that it was torn, as in Amos 3:12 as Aben Ezra observes; and so the Jerusalem Targurn,"let him bring of the members of it a witness,'which would make it a clear case that it had been so used; but it is possible that the whole carcass might be carried off, and nothing remain to be brought as a proof of it; wherefore the... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:9

Challengeth to be his - It was necessary that such a matter should come before the judges, because the person in whose possession the goods were found might have had them by a fair and honest purchase; and, by sifting the business, the thief might be found out, and if found, be obliged to pay double to his neighbor. read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:11

An oath of the Lord be between them - So solemn and awful were all appeals to God considered in those ancient times, that it was taken for granted that the man was innocent who could by an oath appeal to the omniscient God that he had not put his hand to his neighbor's goods. Since oaths have become multiplied, and since they have been administered on the most trifling occasions, their solemnity is gone, and their importance little regarded. Should the oath ever reacquire its weight and... read more

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:13

If it be torn in pieces - let him bring it for witness - Rather, Let him bring הטרפה עד ed hatterephah , a testimony or evidence of the torn thing, such as the horns, hoofs, etc. This is still a law in some countries among graziers: if a horse, cow, sheep, or goat, entrusted to them, be lost, and the keeper asserts it was devoured by dogs, etc., the law obliges him to produce the horns and hoofs, because on these the owner's mark is generally found. If these can be produced, the keeper... read more

John Calvin

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:9

Verse 9 9.For all manner of trespass. An action for theft is here permitted, but with a fine attached if any should rashly accuse his neighbor; for else it might be doubted when or for what reasons the restitution of double or quadruple was to be required. He therefore permits that if any one suspects another of theft, he should summon that person to plead his cause; and if he should prove his case, that he should recover double the thing lost; but if the judges should pronounce that he had... read more

Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary - Exodus 22:7-15

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:9

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:10

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:11

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:12

John Gills Exposition of the Bible Commentary - Exodus 22:13

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:9

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:11

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:13

John Calvin's Commentary on the Bible - Exodus 22:9

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