Revelation 18:12-13 NIV

The Pulpit Commentary - Revelation 18:12

The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet. (On "precious stone" and" linen," see on Revelation 15:6 .) Such was the attire of the harlot ( Revelation 17:4 ). Writers have endeavoured to classify in various ways the articles mentioned, in order to obtain some signification from the numbers used. Thus Hengstenberg sees four hard and then four soft articles mentioned, and he reminds us that the number four is... read more

Spence, H. D. M., etc.

The Pulpit Commentary - Revelation 18:13

And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense; and cinnamon, and amomon, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense. These constitute the third class (see on Revelation 18:12 ). Cinnamon, an Indian tree, was in use in the Levitical ritual ( Exodus 30:23 ). It is referred to as a perfume in Proverbs 7:17 . Amomon, which is omitted in the Textus Receptus, is found in א , A, C. P, etc. It is rendered in the Revised Version by "spice." Its use was similar to that of ... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:12

The merchandise of gold, and silver - Of course, these constitute an important article of commerce in a great city.And precious stones - Diamonds, emeralds, rubies, etc. These have always been important articles of traffic in the world, and, of course, most of the traffic in them would find its way to great commercial cities.And pearls - See the notes on Matthew 7:6; Matthew 13:46. These, too, have been always, and were, particularly in early times, valuable articles of commerce. Mr. Gibbon... read more

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:13

And cinnamon - Cinnamon is the aromatic bark of the Laurus Cinnamomam, which grows in Arabia, India, and especially in the island of Ceylon. It was formerly, as it is now, a valuable article in the Oriental trade.And odours - Aromatics employed in religious worship, and for making perfumes. Mr. Gibbon (vol. i. p. 34) mentions, among the articles of commerce and luxury, in the age of the Antonines, “a variety of aromatics that were consumed in religious worship and the pomp of funerals.” It is... read more

Joseph Benson

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Revelation 18:12-14

Revelation 18:12-14. The merchandise, &c. There is an end of all traffic or commerce with her, whether spiritual or temporal; of gold and silver, &c. Almost all the things here named are still in use at Rome, both in their idolatrous service and in common life; fine linen The sort of which here mentioned, βυσσος , is exceedingly costly; thyine-wood A sweet- smelling wood, not unlike citron, used in adorning magnificent palaces. Vessels of most precious wood Ebony in... read more

Donald C. Fleming

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Revelation 18:9-24

Reactions to Babylon’s fall (18:9-19:5)Those who grew prosperous through their commerce with the city weep and mourn at its destruction. The rulers of the nations stand afar off, watching the destruction but doing nothing to help the city in its distress (9-10). Merchants and businessmen mourn for the burning city, not because they have any love for it, but because they have no more market for their goods. Like the rulers they are guided by motives that are entirely selfish. They are distressed... read more

E.W. Bullinger

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Revelation 18:12

precious. Greek. timios. The noun in Revelation 18:19 . most precious. Superl. of Greek. timios above. read more

E.W. Bullinger

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Revelation 18:13

beasts = cattle. chariots. Greek. rheda. Only here. Gallic word for a four-wheeled coach or vehicle, a sign of luxury. slaves. Literally bodies. Greek. soma . By Figure of speech Metonymy ( App-6 ) for "slaves". See Genesis 36:6 (Septuagint) souls of men = men. A Hebraism for "persons of men", or simply "men". See (Septuagint) Numbers 31:35 . 1 Chronicles 5:21 .Ezekiel 27:13 . souls. App-110 and App-170 men. App-123 . Figure of speech Polysyndeton in verses: Revelation 18:12 ,... read more

James Burton Coffman

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Revelation 18:12

merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stone, and pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet; and all thyine wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel made of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble;There is no point in commenting upon this inventory, which is but a partial catalogue of all the precious goods of the world. The extensive nature of this list prompted the great scholar Alford to say that, "Certainly the details of this far more nearly... read more

James Burton Coffman

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Revelation 18:13

and cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep; and merchandise of horses and chariots and slaves; and souls of men.This is more of the same inventory, but there are a couple of items of special interest:And slaves ... The mention of these in connection with "the souls of men" is intriguing. "Slaves" is clear enough, as "There were 60,000,000 slaves in the Roman empire when this was written."[52] So much... read more

The Pulpit Commentary - Revelation 18:12

The Pulpit Commentary - Revelation 18:13

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:12

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible - Revelation 18:13

Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments - Revelation 18:12-14

Bridgeway Bible Commentary - Revelation 18:9-24

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Revelation 18:12

E.W. Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - Revelation 18:13

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Revelation 18:12

Coffman Commentaries on the Bible - Revelation 18:13

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